Make up sentences in English with the phrases from the previous task.
Insert the articles if necessary.
Ten years ago, when restoration of … Great Silk Road was started, … country-participants were eager to create … short route connecting Asia and Europe. However, … transport corridor has increased not only … favorable trade and economic relations between countries, but also … work of … customs and law enforcement officials due to … rise in illegal drug trafficking.
In January 2007, … International Conference on Combating Illicit Drug Trafficking via … “Great Silk Route” brought together representatives … 14 countries, the World Customs Organization (WCO) and … European Commission.
IX. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.
The Secretary General … the World Customs Organization (WCO), Michel Danet, admitted that narcotics’ trafficking was a problem … the occupied territories … Azerbaijan. “Uncontrolled territories could be viewed as an open market and everything could be happening there,” he said and noted that the WCO was not able to resolve the occupation, because it was responsible only … customs issues. … the same time, Danet stated that the WCO would be willing to help Azerbaijan … controlling the drug traffic. Guliyev said that controlling the Azeri-Iranian border would prove to be a complicated undertaking … the law-enforcement bodies of Azerbaijan. He stated that 60 percent … drugs seized … Azeri customs came … Iran and that they had uncovered one case … drugs coming from Turkmenistan.
X. Explain the italicized grammar constructions in the following sentences.
1. Ten years ago, when restoration of the Great Silk Road was started, the country-participants were eager to create a short route connecting Asia and Europe.
2. In January 2007, the International Conference on Combating Illicit Drug Trafficking via the “Great Silk Route” brought together representatives of 14 countries.
3. Currently, there are people who wish to use the Great Silk Route with the malicious intention of abusing the economic integrity between countries.
4. The Azeri government, recognizing the eradication of illegal drug smuggling as a national goal, expressed its support of the efforts of the international community in this direction.
5. Uncontrolled territories could be viewed as an open market and everything could be happening there.
XI. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give your reasons.
a) Controlling the borders between Asian and European states is a complicated undertaking for the law-enforcement bodies.
b) The restoration of the Great Silk Route has increased not only favourable trade and economic relations between the countries, but also the opportunities for rising drug-related crime.
Unit 9.3
Convention on Psychotropic Substances
9.3.1. The Outlook and History of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
Read the text to fulfil the tasks
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Convention on Psychotropic Substances | ||||
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Opened for signature |
February 21, 1971 in Vienna | |||
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Entered into force |
August 16, 1976 | |||
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Conditions for entry into force |
40 ratifications | |||
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Parties |
175 | |||
Many laws have been passed to implement the Convention, including the U.S. Psychotropic Substances Act, the U.K. Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, and the Canadian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Like the treaty itself, these statutes usually divide drugs into several classes or Schedules.
Provisions to end the international trafficking of drugs covered by this Convention are contained in the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. This treaty, signed in 1988, regulates precursor chemicals to drugs controlled by the Single Convention and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. It also strengthens provisions against money laundering and other drug-related crimes.
International drug control began with the 1912 International Opium Convention, a treaty which adopted import and export restrictions on the poppy's psychoactive derivatives. Over the next half-century, several additional treaties were adopted, gradually expanding the list of controlled substances to encompass cocaine and other drugs.
In 1961, a conference of plenipotentiaries in New York adopted the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, which consolidated the existing drug control treaties into one document and added cannabis to the list of prohibited plants. In order to appease the pharmaceutical interests, the Single Convention's scope was sharply limited to the list of drugs enumerated in the Schedules annexed to the treaty and to those drugs determined to have similar effects.
In 1968, deeply concerned at reports of serious damage to health being caused by LSD and similar hallucinogenic substances, the UN Economic and Social Council passed a resolution calling on nations to limit the use of such drugs to scientific and medical purposes and to impose import and export restrictions. Later that year, the UN General Assembly called upon the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to "give urgent attention to the problem of the abuse of the psychotropic substances not yet under international control, including the possibility of placing such substances under international control".
A new convention, with a broader scope, would be required in order to bring those substances under control. Using the Single Convention as a template, the Commission prepared a draft convention which was forwarded to all UN member states. The UN Secretary-General scheduled a conference for early 1971 to finalize the treaty.
Meanwhile, countries had already begun passing legislation to implement the draft treaty. In 1969, Canada added Part IV to its Food and Drugs Act, placing a set of "restricted substances," including LSD, DMT, and MDA, under federal control. In 1970, the United States completely revamped its existing drug control laws by enacting the Controlled Substances Act (amended in 1978 by the Psychotropic Substances Act, which allows the U.S. drug control Schedules to be updated as needed to comply with the Convention). In 1971, the United Kingdom passed the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. A host of other nations followed suit. A common feature shared by most implementing legislation is the establishment of several classes or Schedules of controlled substances, similarly to the Single Convention and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, so that compliance with international law can be assured simply by placing a drug into the appropriate Schedule.
The Convention's adoption marked a major milestone in the development of the global drug control regime. Over 59 years, the system had evolved from a set of loose controls focused on a single drug into a comprehensive regulatory framework capable of encompassing almost any mind-altering substance imaginable.