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fundamentals of oil & gas engineering.doc
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4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:

Cones mounted on rugged bear­ings; to house several rows of steel teeth; soft-formation milled-tooth bits; a twisting, scraping action; to drill by the shearing and gouging; to prevent the bit from balling up; widely spaced, self-cleaning teeth; to project into spaces on adjacent cones; to withstand extreme weights; tough, waxy shales; to contain streaks, or stringers; to result in faster penetration rates; the application of tungsten carbide hardfacing; to overcome the compressive strength; high-capacity bearings; excessive tooth breakage.

5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

  1. Each cone houses several rows of steel teeth or tungsten carbide inserts that do the cutting.

  2. Bit specifications don’t vary with forma­tion types.

  3. Soft-formation milled-tooth bits rotate around the precise center of the bit.

  4. A twisting, scraping action is effective in hard formations such as quartzite, granite, dolomite, and hard limestone.

  5. Soft-formation bits have widely spaced, self-cleaning teeth to prevent the bit from balling up.

  6. Light weight on bit and high rotary speed are the best combination for soft-formation bits.

  7. In soft formations containing streaks of abrasive material, a slight variation in bit type may result in tooth breakage.

  8. Bits with more, shorter teeth and less cone offset are necessary to accommodate the added weight required for the bit to overcome the compressive strength of harder rocks.

  9. Although the com­pressive strength and abrasiveness of hard formations vary, hardfacing is always bene­ficial.

6. Answer the questions:

  1. How can you describe a roller cone bit?

  2. What teeth characteristics affect the efficiency of drilling?

  3. What types of formations are they used in?

  4. What examples of soft/hard formations can you give?

  5. What are soft-formation bits characterized by?

  6. What helps to prevent the bit from balling up?

  7. What factors can lead to tooth breakage?

  8. What can improve footage per bit?

  9. What construction do hard-formation bits require?

Insert bits

1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary

Insert bit

Штыревое долото

Rock bit

Шарошечное долото для твердых пород

Conventional

Традиционный

Scraping-gouging effect

скалывающе-режущий эффект

Durable

Надежный, прочный, долговечный

Abrasive streaks

Абразивный слой

Trip

Спускоподъемная операция

Projectile-shaped insert

Остроконечный резец

Chisel-crest bit

Штыревое долото с заостренной вершиной зуба

Blunt inserts

Тупоконечные резцы

2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:

  • durable

  • primarily

  • diameter

  • projectile-shaped

  • outermost area

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