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fundamentals of oil & gas engineering.doc
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5. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:

An important effect on hole-making potential; functions vital to cost-effective drilling; a means for bit cuttings to be circulated out of the hole; to deal with variations in formation properties; to avoid a substantial drop in the drill­ing rate; a definite cost saver; in spite of potential drawbacks; to have a detrimental effect on rate of penetration; to delay fluid pressure equalization over the chip; whenever downhole conditions permit; to allow for the buildup of wall cake; a plasterlike residue of mud solids.

6. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:

Охлаждать и смазывать долото; предотвратить попадание пластового флюида; забойный двигатель; влиять на скорость проходки; избегать значительного падения скорости бурения; уменьшать время бурения и стоимость эксплуатации долота; прихват; перепады давления; создавать эффект оседания частиц; избегать ненужных ловильных работ; преодолеть пластовое давление; выброс; предотвратить разрыв колонны; иметь отрицательный эффект; закупоривать трещины (в скважине); поддерживать малое содержание твердой фазы (в буровом растворе); уменьшать гидравлическую мощность на долоте; усложнять очистку забоя; задавливать обсадные трубы; ненужные металлические обломки; добыча нефти; образование сальника.

7. Find the synonyms:

  • to decrease

  • oil production

  • cuttings

  • considerable decline

  • needless

  • to prevent

  • to allow

8. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:

  1. chip hold-down effect

  1. the liquid circulated through the wellbore during rotary drilling and workover operations. In addi­tion to its function of bringing cuttings to the surface, it cools and lubricates the bit and drill stem, protects against blowouts by holding back subsurface pressures, and deposits a mud cake on the wall of the borehole to prevent loss of fluids to the formation.

  1. kick

  1. a centrifugal device for removing very fine particles, or silt, from drilling fluid to keep the amounts of solids in the fluid at the lowest possible point.

  1. mud

  1. an entry of water, gas, oil or other formation fluid into the wellbore during drilling. It occurs because the pressure exerted by the column of drilling fluid isn’t great enough to overcome the pressure exerted by the fluids in the formation drilled.

  1. spurt

  1. the holding of formation rock chips in place as a result of high differential pressure in the wellbore. This effect limits the cutting action of the bit by retarding circulation of bit cuttings out of the hole.

  1. desilter

  1. the initial loss of drilling mud solids by filtration, making formations easier to drill.

9. Look through the text and find words which correspond to the given definitions:

  1. The measure of hydraulic power expended through the bit nozzles for cleaning the bit cutters and the hole bottom.

  2. The escape of the liquid part of a drilling mud into permeable formations.

  3. The sheath of mud solids that forms on the wall of the hole when liquid from mud filters into the formation.

  4. A measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow. Resistance is brought about by the internal fric­tion resulting from the combined effects of cohesion and adhesion.

  5. Drilling operations in which water is used as the circulating fluid.

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