- •Part 1 Unit 1 Rocks and their properties
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary.
- •2. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Answer the questions:
- •10. Speak about the Earth’s crust and the minerals it is composed of.
- •11. Translate the sentences paying attention to the conjunction either ... Or
- •12. Complete the sentences using the given words:
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form, mind the Active and the Passive voice:
- •14. Translate the sentences into English:
- •15. Render the text about hydrocarbons origin and accumulation into English:
- •The properties of rocks
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •6. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •7. Look through the texts and give your definitions of the following words:
- •8. Complete the following sentences:
- •9. Answer the questions:
- •10. Find the information in the text which will prove that:
- •11. Prove that formation properties must be carefully observed to achieve success in drilling.
- •12. Translate the sentences paying attention to the conjunction since:
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
- •14. Translate the passage into English:
- •Rock classification
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •6. Find the antonyms:
- •7. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •8. Answer the questions:
- •9. Summarize the information of the text and tell about interrelation between bit wear and rock drillability.
- •10. Find as many words connected with rocks and their properties as possible
- •Unit 2 Drilling a well
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary.
- •Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •4. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •5. Find the synonyms:
- •6. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •7. Complete the following sentences:
- •8. Answer the questions:
- •9. Prove that drilling an oilwell is a complex business.
- •10. Translate the extract from Russian into English
- •Unit 3 Drilling bits
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •Bit Design
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Use the dictionary and write down the transcription of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •Insert bits
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •7. Find in the texts the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations and learn them by heart:
- •8. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •9. Scan the texts and find the words which correspond to the given definitions:
- •10. Read the description of the bit and guess its type:
- •11. Complete the chart
- •12. Speak about the advantages of different bit types and drilling situations in which they prove to be suitable.
- •13. Translate the extract from Russian into English
- •Dull Bit Evaluation
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary
- •2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •Unit 4 Weight on Bit and Rotary Speed
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Pay attention to the abbreviations used in the text:
- •3. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •4. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Look through the texts and give your definitions of the following words:
- •10. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •11. Complete the following sentences:
- •12. Scan the text and think of the possible questions you can ask about weight on bit and rotary speed. Write them down and then ask your groupmates to answer.
- •13. Summarize the information from the text and tell about special consideration taken into account to enhance drilling situation.
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Pay attention to the abbreviation used in the text:
- •3. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •4. Read and translate the text.
- •5. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •6. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •7. Find the words which correspond to the given definitions:
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •9. Answer the questions:
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •3. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •5. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •6. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •7. Find the synonyms:
- •8. Match the words with their definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •9. Look through the text and find words which correspond to the given definitions:
- •10. Complete the following sentences:
- •11. Answer the questions:
- •13. Speak about mud characteristics and the way they affect the penetration rate.
- •1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
- •2. Write down the transcription of the following words and practise their pronunciation:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •5. Find in the text the English variants for the following word combinations:
- •6. Look through the text and find antonyms:
- •6. Look through the text and find words which correspond to the given definitions:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. What parts can the text be divided into? Suggest the suitable headings for each part. Make the summary of one of the parts.
- •9. Compare water and air drilling. Speak about advantages/disadvantages; formations they can be used in; problems which can occur.
- •10. Translate the extract into English:
- •Review questions
- •5. Fill in the table and speak about a shift in the balance of power in the global energy arena.
- •6. Make the article review.
- •7. Render the following text in English:
- •Glossary
14. Translate the sentences into English:
Земная кора состоит из осадочных, изверженных и метаморфических пород.
Осадочные породы образуются под действием воды, тепла, холода и органических веществ.
Метаморфические породы имеют большое значение для ученых, так как их структура дает возможность установить следы существовавших ранее пород.
Уголь, нефть и природный газ – старейшие источники энергии. Они представляют собой горючее топливо органического происхождения.
Сырая нефть является основой для изготовления жидкого промышленного топлива.
15. Render the text about hydrocarbons origin and accumulation into English:
Хотя еще остаются вопросы о происхождении нефти и газа, широко распространена точка зрения, что они формировались из останков древних растений и животных. Количество органического материала, который аккумулировался в одну массу, зависело от условий каждой геологической эпохи. Движение нефти и газа из области их формирования в те места, где они находятся сейчас, было как вертикальным, так и горизонтальным. Это связано с тенденцией нефти и газа подниматься через толщу воды, которая заполняла свободные пространства пластовых отложений во время их первоначального формирования. Так как газ легче, чем нефть, а нефть легче, чем вода, нефть и газ поднимаются наверх. Это движение продолжается, пока они не дойдут до плотной, непористой породы, которая не даст нефти и газу мигрировать дальше. Они оказываются в ловушке и формируют пласты, из которых сегодня добывают нефть.
Сырая нефть находится в несущих пластах под землей и обычно содержит растворенный углеводородный газ (попутный газ). Когда нефть движется вверх по трубам, общее давление падает из-за трения и потери гидростатического давления, газ испаряется из нефти. Сырая нефть и попутный газ являются смесями многих химических составляющих, называемых углеводородами или углеводородными соединениями. Каждое такое соединение имеет свое название в зависимости от количества атомов углерода и водорода в его молекуле. В зависимости от температуры углеводороды могут находиться в твердом, жидком или газообразном состоянии.
The properties of rocks
1. Before reading the text, study the vocabulary:
penetration rate |
Скорость проходки |
drill steel |
Бур |
appraisal |
Оценка |
compressive strength |
Сопротивление сжатию |
density |
Плотность |
tool wear |
Износ инструмента |
drillability |
буримость породы |
cone offset |
Смещение осей шарошек |
hard-facing |
Твердосплавное покрытие |
to enhance |
Усилить, повысить |
tripping time |
Время спускоподъемной операции |
drill bit |
Долото |
coarse-grained |
Крупнозернистый |
fine-grained |
мелкозернистый |
medium-grained |
среднезернистый |
to impose |
накладывать |
weight on bit |
нагрузка на долото |
overburden |
покрывающий слой |
porosity |
пористость |
permeable |
проницаемый |
chip hold-down |
оседание частиц шлама |
slatiness |
многослойность |
fissuring |
растрескивание породы |
layering |
расслоение, слоистость |
veining |
жилкование |
inclination |
угол падения пласта |
hole deviation |
искривление скважины |
to get stuck |
застревать |
crack |
трещина, раскол |
to cave in |
оседать, прогибаться |
flushing air |
продувочный воздух |
bottomhole cleaning |
очистка забоя |
to ball up the bit |
образовывать сальник на долоте |