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fundamentals of oil & gas engineering.doc
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4. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:

The lack of hydrostatic pressure; liter­ally to explode; to keep the hold-down effect to a minimum; being barely touched by the bit teeth; to be set at a shallower depth; spent as a result of lost circulation; to make air or gas drilling feasible; to go down twice as fast as ... ; additional items needed for air drilling; to seal off the annulus; to divert the air flow into the flow line; to carry air returns to the reserve pit; a safety measure in case of oxygen-gas mixtures; new maintenance problems; wells of any considerable depth; a man­ageable fluid; to be blown out of the hole; to form a seal that inhibits the entry of formation water.

5. Find in the text the English variants for the following word combinations:

Бурение с очисткой забоя воздухом; осыпаться; высокоскоростная фотосъемка; экономить время эксплуатации буровой платформы; техническая обсадная колонна; оправдать затраты; противопожарное оборудование; пенообразователь; производимая мощность; водонапорная труба; затрубное пространство; противовыбросовое оборудование; запрещать; исправить ситуацию; преимущества и недостатки; принимать во внимание.

6. Look through the text and find antonyms:

  • drawback

  • to maximize

  • cheap

  • to permit

  • dangerous measure

  • heating

  • to freeze

6. Look through the text and find words which correspond to the given definitions:

  1. the space around a pipe in a wellbore, the outer wall of which may be the wall of either the borehole or the casing.

  2. the discharge pipe from a well being drilled by air drilling; it is used to con­duct the air or gas used for circulation away from the rig to reduce the fire hazard as well as to transport the cuttings a suitable distance from the well.

  3. a sealing device used to close off the annular space around the kelly in drilling with pressure at the surface, usually installed above the main blowout preventers; it prevents the well from blowing out and is used mainly in the drilling of formations that have low permeability.

  4. a gas that can be readily absorbed by water and that is used to seal off water­bearing formations in air drilling.

  5. a vertical pipe rising along the side of the derrick, which joins the discharge line leading from the mud pump to the rotary hose and through which mud is pumped going into the hole.

7. Answer the questions:

  1. Where does air or gas drill­ing permit the fastest penetration rates?

  2. What have high-speed photographs shown?

  3. What advantages of air drilling can you name?

  4. Is it cost effective to use air drilling? Prove your point of view.

  5. What additional items are required when air drilling is used?

  6. What problems can it create?

  7. How does the presence of water influence air drilling?

  8. What happens when the bit penetrates a water-bearing formation?

  9. How can this situation be improved?

8. What parts can the text be divided into? Suggest the suitable headings for each part. Make the summary of one of the parts.

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