Communications services

1. Telephones connected by a network of cables, are commonly used for the two-way transmission of speech. The signals are switched from one line to another at switched centers known as telephone exchanges. Lines in a small area are switched by local exchanges, local exchanges are connected through trunk exchanges, and trunk exchanges are connected to other countries by international exchanges. Such a system is called a public Switching Telephone Network.

2. Modern digital telephone networks can use videophones to transmit video images as well as*^9.1.2 speech. The telephone network is used by video-conferencing services to interconnect small television studios. In this way, business people can hold conferences at a distance.

3. Public telephone networks are used by many other data communications services. One of the oldest* ^3.1 is the telex system. This enables* ^5.6.3.2 messages, typed on teletype terminals, to be automatically printed by distant teleprinters. Telex can only transmit simple text containing capital letters and punctuation marks.

4. A newer, more advanced telex system, known as teletex, is also available. This uses VDU terminals to transmit a variety of text and graphics characters. High quality formats can be used and it is much faster than telex, operating at speeds up to 2,600 words per minute.

5. A facsimile (FAX) system allows the transmission of text, graphics and photographic images.

6. Contacting people on the move is possible using a radiopaging service. By carrying a small radio receiver called a radiopager, people can be contacted wherever they are. Keying their number in on a telephone causes*^8.1 the pager to beep. The person then goes to the nearest telephone to get on touch with the caller.

7. A telephone network can be used to connect personal computers to an electronic mail (e-mail) system. Messages sent from a personal computer are stored on a central computer. Users can read and reply to these messages using their own computer.

X. Письменно озаглавьте 6 и 7-й абзацы текста.

Вариант 3

I. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните причастие, определите его форму, функцию и переведите предложения на русский язык (см. грамм. справ.: 7.3, 7.3.1, 7.3.2, 7.3.2.1, 7.3.2.2, а также ссылки после *).

1. Phenomena occurring during solar flares are thoroughly uninvestigated.

2. The numbers stored in a data field*^2.2 represent a calendar date.*^2.2

3. Having transferred an electron, the adjacent atom creates a new hole.

4. Being heated magnetized steel loses its magnetism.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение (см. грамм. справ.: 9.3.2, а также ссылки после *).

1. Program is a set of instructions one should*^4.3.,5.6.1 follow.

2. Radioactive isotopes differ from one another in the type and energy of the particles they emit.

III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните герундий и переведите предложения на русский язык (см. грамм. справ.: 7.2, 7.2.1, 7.2.2, а также ссылки после *).

1. Entering text is done*^5.5.1 through the keyboard.

2. As previously stated, the generator is really a machine for converting mechanical power into electrical power.

IV. Перепишите предложения, определите, является ли инфинитив подлежащим или обстоятельством цели, переведите предложения на русский язык (см. грамм. справ.: 7.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, а также ссылки после *).

1. To find the mass of the electron numerous experiments had to*^6.3.(3) be made.

2. To complete this experiment will not take much time.

3. Active satellites are equipped to receive and retransmit signals.

V. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив в функции определения, переведите предложения на русский язык (см. грамм. справ.: 7.1.2.1. а также ссылки после *).

1. The quality of speech signals to be transmitted may*^5.6.1 degrade.

2. The information to be gained from the experiment is extremely valuable.

VI. Перепишите предложения, содержащие конструкции «сложное дополнение» и «сложное подлежащее» (см. грамм. справ.: 8, 8.1, 8.2, а также ссылки после *). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We consider this discovery to be one of the greatest*^3.1 of the XX th century.

2. Instrument failure*^2.2 in high voltage circuits can cause dangerously high voltage to appear at unexpected points.

3. Computers were supposed to create «the paperless*^1.3 office».

4. The problem of the origin of the Earth proved to be one of the most difficult*^3.1 problems of astronomy.

VII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие условные придаточные предложения (см. грамм. справ.: 9.2.1, 9.3.1, а также ссылки после *).

1. Do not install*^4.2.1 software unless you know it is safe.*^9.3.2

2. If these electric and magnetic fluxes could actually be seen, the wave would have the appearance indicated in Fig. 2.

VIII. Определите значения английских слов, исходя из контекста (см. грамм. справ.: 11.18).

1. Компьютеры – complicated машины.

2. Микропроцессор состоит из set of units.

IX. Прочтите и устно переведите текст, затем письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4-й абзацы текста.