V. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of Participles. Put the verbs in brackets in a proper tense form.

1. The reasons for the continued rearguard actions (to be) simple. 2. For every item of original technology put into DVD, a license fee (to have) to be paid to the owners of the technology. 3. These license fees may only (to be) a few cents per drive but when the market (to amount) to millions of drives a year, it is well worth arguing over. 4. If this didn't make matters bad enough, in (to wade) the movie industry. 5. Paranoid about losing all its DVD-Video material to universal pirating, Hollywood first (to decide) it wanted an anti-copying system along the same lines as the SCMS system introduced for DAT tapes. 6. Just as that was being sorted out, Hollywood (to become) aware of the possibility of a computer being used for bit-for-bit file copying from a DVD disc to some other medium. 7. The consequence (to be) an attempt to have the U.S. Congress pass legislation similar to the Audio Home Recording Act (the draft was called "Digital Video Recording Act") and to insist that the computer industry be covered by the proposed new law. 8. Whilst their efforts to force legislation (to fail), the movie studios did succeed in forcing a deeper copy protection requirement into the DVD-Video standard, and the resultant Content Scrambling System (CSS) was finalised toward the end of 1996. 9. Subsequent to this, many other content protection systems have been developed.

VI. Put all types of questions to the following sentences.

1. Launched in 1982, the audio CD's durability, random access features and audio quality made it incredibly successful, capturing the majority of the market within a few years. 2. CD-ROM followed in 1984, but it took a few years longer to gain the widespread acceptance enjoyed by the audio CD. 3. There are now countless games, software applications, encyclopaedias, presentations and other multimedia programs available on CD-ROM. 4. Today's mass produced CD-ROM drives are faster and cheaper than they've ever been. 5. The CD-ROM market now embraces internal, external and portable drives, caddy- and tray-loading mechanisms, single-disc and multichanger units, SCSI and EIDE interfaces, and a plethora of standards. 6. In order to understand what discs do what and which machine will read what, it is necessary to identify clearly the different formats.

VII. Translate the text and define the functions of Predicates. Try to annotate the text in Ukrainian. Put all types of questions to the underlined sentences. Text b

Storage/Hard Disks

When the power to a PC is switched off, the contents of memory are lost. It is the PC's hard disk that serves as a non-volatile, bulk storage medium and as the repository for a user's documents, files and applications. It's astonishing to recall that back in 1954, when IBM first invented the hard disk, capacity was a mere 5MB stored across fifty 24in platters. 25 years later Seagate Technology introduced the first hard disk drive for personal computers, boasting a capacity of up to 40MB and data transfer rate of 625 KBps using the MFM encoding method. A later version of the company's ST506 interface increased both capacity and speed and switched to the RLL encoding method. It's equally hard to believe that as recently as the late 1980s 100MB of hard disk space was considered generous. Today, this would be totally inadequate, hardly enough to install the operating system alone, let alone a huge application such as Microsoft Office.

The PC's upgradeability has led software companies to believe that it doesn't matter how large their applications are. As a result, the average size of the hard disk rose from 100MB to 1.2GB in just a few years and by the start of the new millennium a typical desktop hard drive stored 18GB across three 3.5in platters. Thankfully, as capacity has gone up prices have come down, improved areal density levels being the dominant reason for the reduction in price per megabyte.

It's not just the size of hard disks that has increased. The performance of fixed disk media has also evolved considerably. When the Intel Triton chipset arrived, EIDE PIO mode 4 was born and hard disk performance soared to new heights, allowing users to experience high-performance and high-capacity data storage without having to pay a premium for a SCSI-based system.