- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •«Англійська мова»
- •Тернопіль
- •Передмова
- •Content
- •I. Read the text. Be ready to discuss it.
- •My Speciality
- •Vocabulary notes
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Insert prepositions wherever necessary.
- •IV. Complete the sentences.
- •V. Find proper English equivalents.
- •VI. Translate into English.
- •VII. Make your own report on your speciality.
- •I. Read the text. Find proper Ukrainian equivalents to the words in bold.
- •Cooperative Learning
- •II. Find out if the following statements to the text a are true or false.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with suitable words.
- •IV. Topics for discussion:
- •V. Read and translate into Ukrainian the text.
- •What is Computer Hardware?
- •VI. Put all types of questions to the proposed sentences.
- •VII. Make up sentences using the following Predicates.
- •X. Ask questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •XI. Put the words into the right order.
- •XV. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XV. Translate the text into English.
- •Основніпринципи
- •I. Read the text. Find proper Ukrainian equivalents to the words in bold.
- •Death of the Classroom. The New Wave of Online Education
- •II. Find out if the following statements to the text a are true or false.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with suitable words.
- •IV. Topics for discussion.
- •V. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Put ten questions to the text. Render it in English. Give the title to the text.
- •VII. Translate the paragraph. Decipher all abbreviations in written form.
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Predicates.
- •X. Ask questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •XI. Translate the text into English.
- •Будова сучасного комп'ютера
- •I. Read the title and subtitles of the text and predict what the text is about. Scan the text and say if you were a success in guessing the content of it.
- •Historical perspective
- •First-Generation Computers
- •Second-Generation Computers
- •Third-Generation Computers
- •Fourth-Generation Computers
- •Future Generations of Computers
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Match the electrical device with the computer generation.
- •IV. Topics for discussion.
- •V. Find proper English terms to the following explanations:
- •Basic structure
- •VI. Translate the sentences. Explain the usage of Predicates in Passive.
- •VII. Put the words into the right order.
- •VIII. Translate the text in written form. Annotate it in English.
- •I. Read the text and answer the questions below.
- •The role of Technology
- •II. Find out if the following statements to the text a are true or false.
- •III. Make a dialogue with your partner on how you benefit by the computer. Use the following statements.
- •IV. Read and translate the text. Put ten questions to it and decipher all abbreviations used in this text. Render the text in English.
- •What is a Modem?
- •V. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Predicates and define their tense forms.
- •VI. Put the verb to be in the required tense form and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •VIII. Ask questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •Text c
- •Internal Modems: Manual configuration
- •XI. Put the words into the right order.
- •XII. Translate the text into English in written form.
- •Text d Модем
- •I. Read the text carefully and answer the questions below. Explain the words in bold.
- •II. Explain in your own words what the phrase 'this shared delusion' describes?
- •III. Fill in the gap with the correct word derived from the words in brackets.
- •IV. Read and translate the text. Put ten questions to the text. Render it in English. Text b
- •V. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Predicates and define their tense forms.
- •VI. Put the verbs in brackets in the required tense forms and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •VIII. Put the words into the right order.
- •IX. Put questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •X. Translate the text into English.
- •Материнська плата
- •I. Read the text and explain the words in bold.
- •Modem technology – the pace of change
- •II. What does the writer say about Computer World magazine?
- •III. Which of these phrases are used without sarcasm by the writer?
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the correct word derived from the words in brackets.
- •V. What does the writer imply about the term 'information revolution'?
- •VIII. Put the verbs in brackets in the required tense forms and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •IX. Put the words into the right order.
- •X. Put questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •XI. Read and translate the text. Annotate it in Ukrainian.
- •XII. Put all types of questions to the following sentences.
- •XIII. Translate the text and define functions of Predicates. Put questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •XIV. Translate the text into English.
- •Вбудовані програми і bios
- •I. Read the following paragraph, which is from an essay about the Internet. Ignore the underlining for the moment. Is the tone of the paragraph:
- •II. Fill in the gaps with the correct words derived from the words in brackets.
- •III. Read and translate the text. Try to annotate it in English.
- •V. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of Participles. Put the verbs in brackets in a proper tense form.
- •VI. Put all types of questions to the following sentences.
- •VII. Translate the text and define the functions of Predicates. Try to annotate the text in Ukrainian. Put all types of questions to the underlined sentences. Text b
- •VIII. Put the words into the right order.
- •IX. Ask questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •X. Translate into English.
- •Дискета
- •I. Read the text and explain the words in bold. Answer the question below.
- •Web development as an industry
- •II. Find out if the following statements to the text a are true or false.
- •III. Fill in the gaps in the following text with one suitable word.
- •Big Brother is watching you
- •IV. Read and translate the text. Try to annotate it in Ukrainian.
- •V. Put all types of questions to the following sentences.
- •Floppy disk
- •VII. Translate the text into English.
- •Твердий диск
- •Конструкція
- •I. Read and translate the following text. Give a brief history of the beginning of computers development. Present it in a written form. Answer the questions below the text. The first hackers
- •II. Read and translate the text. Put all types of questions to the underlined sentences.
- •Liquid crystal displays
- •III. Read and translate the following sentences. Define the tense and voice of the Predicates.
- •IV. Ask questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •V. Put the words into the right order.
- •VI. Read and translate the text. Define the Predicates and explain their usage. Try to annotate the text in Ukrainian. Text c
- •Dstn displays
- •VII. Put ten questions to the text c. Decipher all abbreviations from the text.
- •VIII. Put the words into the right order.
- •IX. Translate the following text. Annotate it in English.
- •I. Read and translate the following text. Give a brief history of computers development. Present it in written form. Answer the questions below the text.
- •II. Read and translate the text. Give the title to it. Render the text in English. Decipher all abbreviations used in the text in written form. Put all types of questions to the underlined sentences.
- •III. Put the words into the right order.
- •IV. Choose the correct tense of the verbs.
- •V. Read and translate the text. Annotate it in Ukrainian. Explain the use of underlined Predicates in Passive voice. Text c
- •VI. Translate into English.
- •VII. True or false?
- •VIII. Translate the text into English.
- •I. Read and translate the following text. Give a brief history of computers development. Present it in a written form. Answer the questions below the text.
- •II. Read and translate the text. Put ten questions to the text. Annotate it in Ukrainian. Text b
- •III. Complete the sentences.
- •V. Find proper English-Ukrainian equivalents.
- •VI. Find the mistakes and correct the sentences.
- •VII. Complete the article. Use but, although or however.
- •VIII. Translate the text into English.
- •I. Using the material of the text make up the advertisement inviting people to use the Internet. Be ready to speak about the role of the Internet in the modern life, in your life.
- •Internet and modern life
- •II. Find proper Ukrainian equivalents to the proposed words.
- •VI. Complete the sentences.
- •VI. Translate the text into English.
- •Text c Клавіатура
- •I. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Say in what way this text is connected with the text a of a previous lesson.
- •The future of the Internet
- •II. Find proper Ukrainian equivalents to the proposed words.
- •VII. Put the verbs in brackets in a proper tense form.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text. Annotate it in Ukrainian. Text c
- •IX. Write the verbs in brackets in a proper tense form.
- •X. Ask questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •XI. Put the words into the right order.
- •XII. Translate the text into English.
- •Принтер
- •Shopping on the Internet
- •III. Put the words in brackets in the correct tense form.
- •IV. Put the words into the right order.
- •V. Read and translate the text:
- •Colour scanners
- •VII. Ask questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.
- •VIII. Translate the text into English.
- •Сканер (зчитувач) Історія
- •Принцип дії
- •I. Read and translate the newspaper article. For question 1-5, choose the right answer a, b, c or d. Explain the words in bold.
- •Citizens 2050
- •II. Match the numbers to the letters.
- •V. Find the mistakes and correct the sentences.
- •VI. Read and translate the text.
- •Комп'ютерна миша
- •Supplementary texts
- •Fields of computer science
- •Relationship with other fields
- •Computer science education
- •Printer
- •Instruction
- •The Central Processing Unit
- •Web browser
- •Function
- •Features
- •Main memory
- •Fast page mode dram
- •Extended data out dram
- •Burst Extended Data Out dram
V. Put the words into the right order.
Liquid, in, late, crystals, discovered, 19th, were, the, first, century. |
Liquid, substances, are, transparent, crystals, almost. |
Alignment, liquid, charging, with, changed, crystals, molecular, electricity, their. |
Moved, crystal, into, variety, liquid, have, fields, a, displays, of. |
Likely, to, the, monitor, the, is, technology, replace, LCD, the, CRT, most. |
VI. Read and translate the text. Define the Predicates and explain their usage. Try to annotate the text in Ukrainian. Text c
Dstn displays
A normal passive matrix LCD comprises a number of layers. The first is a sheet of glass coated with metal oxide. The material used is highly transparent material so as not to interfere with the quality of the image's integrity. This operates as a grid of row and column electrodes which passes the current needed to activate the screen elements. On top of this, a polymer is applied that has a series of parallel grooves running across it to align the liquid crystal molecules in the appropriate direction, and to provide a base on which the molecules are attached. This is known as the alignment layer and is repeated on another glass plate that also carries a number of spacer beads, which maintain a uniform distance between the two sheets of glass when they're placed together.
The edges are then sealed with an epoxy, but with a gap left in one corner. This allows liquid-crystal material to be injected between the sheets (in a vacuum) before the plates are sealed completely. In early models, this process was prone to faults, resulting in stuck or lost pixels where the liquid crystal material had failed to reach all parts of the screen.
Next, polarising layers are applied to the outer-most surfaces of each glass sheet to match the orientation of the alignment layers. With DSTN, or dual scan screens, the orientation of alignment layers varies between 90 degrees and 270 degrees, depending on the total rotation of the liquid crystals between them. A backlight is added, typically in the form of cold-cathode fluorescent tubes mounted along the top and bottom edges of the panel, the light from these being distributed across the panel using a plastic light guide or prism.
The image which appears on the screen is created by this light as it passes through the layers of the panel. With no power applied across the LCD panel, light from the backlight is vertically polarised by the rear filter and refracted by the molecular chains in the liquid crystal so that it emerges from the horizontally polarised filter at the front. Applying a voltage realigns the crystals so that light can't pass, producing a dark pixel. Colour LCD displays simply use additional red, green and blue coloured filters over three separate LCD elements to create a single multi-coloured pixel.
However, the LCD response itself is very slow with the passive matrix driving scheme. With rapidly changing screen content such as video or fast mouse movements, smearing often occurs because the display can't keep up with the changes of content. In addition, passive matrix driving causes ghosting, an effect whereby an area of "on" pixels causes a shadow on "off" pixels in the same rows and columns. The problem of ghosting can be reduced considerably by splitting the screen in two and refreshing the halves independently and other improvements are likely to result from several other independent developments coming together to improve passive-matrix screens.
In the late 1990s, several evolutionary developments simultaneously increased dual-scan displays' speed and contrast. HPD (hybrid passive display) LCDs, co developed by Toshiba and Sharp, used a different formulation of the liquid crystal material, to provide an incremental, though significant, improvement in display quality at little increased cost. A lower viscosity liquid crystal means that the material can switch between states more quickly. Combined with an increased number of drive pulses applied to each line of pixels, this improvement allowed an HPD LCD to outperform DSTN and get closer to active matrix LCD performance. For example, DSTN cells have a response time of 300ms, compared to an HPD cell's 150ms and a TFT's 25ms. Contrast is improved from the previous typical 40:1 ratio to closer to 50:1 and crosstalk has also been improved.
Another approach was a technique called multiline addressing, which analysed the incoming video signal and switched the panel as quickly as the specific image allowed. Sharp offered a proprietary version of this technique called Sharp Addressing; Hitachi's version was called High Performance Addressing (HPA). These newer-generation panels all but eliminated ghosting, and generally delivered video quality and viewing angles that put them at least in the same ballpark as TFT screens, if still not quite in the same league.