II. Find proper Ukrainian equivalents to the proposed words.

Entered, to communicate, security, different, commercial, tremendous, drastically, circulating, switching, increasing.

Зв’язуватися, розповсюдження, відмінний, рішуче, перемикання, безпека, збільшення, комерційний, величезний, введений.

III. Translate the word-combinations into English.

Введений у повсякденне життя; глобальна комп’ютерна мережа; військовий експеримент; розроблений для допомоги; винайдення модемів; рішуче збільшення.

IV. Answer the questions.

1. Where did the history of the Internet begin?

2. Where can you find the largest amount of Internet users?

3. What service of the Internet is the most popular?

4. What problem of the Internet is the most important?

How do the commercial users communicate with another part of the world?

V. Read and translate the text. Find in the text the Predicates in Passive and explain their usage. Put all types of questions to the underlined sentences Render the text in English.

1. Text B

2. Keyboards

A computer keyboard is an array of switches, each of which sends the PC a unique signal when pressed. Two types of switch are commonly used: mechanical and rubber membrane. Mechanical switches are simply spring-loaded "push to make" types, so when pressed down they complete the circuit and then break it again when released. These are the types used in clicky keyboards with plenty of tactile feedback.

Membranes are composed of three sheets: the first has conductive tracks printed on it, the second is a separator with holes in it and the third is a conductive layer with bumps on it. A rubber mat over this gives the springy feel. When a key is pressed, it pushes the two conductive layers together to complete the circuit. On top is a plastic housing which includes sliders to keep the keys aligned.

An important factor for keys is their force displacement curve, which shows how much force is needed to depress a key, and how this force varies during the key's downward travel. Research shows most people prefer 80g to 100g, but games consoles may go to 120g or higher while other keys could be as low as 50g.

The keys are connected up as a matrix, and their row and column signals feed into the keyboard's own microcontroller chip. This is mounted on a circuit board inside the keyboard, and interprets the signals with its built-in firmware program. A particular key press might signal as row 3, column B, so the controller might decode this as an A and send the appropriate code for A back to the PC. These "scan codes" are defined as standard in the PC's BIOS, though the row and column definitions are specific only to that particular keyboard.

Increasingly, keyboard firmware is becoming more complex as manufacturers make their keyboards more sophisticated. It is not uncommon for a programmable keyboard, in which some keys have switchable multiple functions, to need 8KB of ROM to store its firmware. Most programmable functions are executed through a driver running on the PC.

A keyboard's microcontroller is also responsible for negotiating with the keyboard controller in the PC, both to report its presence and to allow software on the PC to do things like toggling the status light on the keyboard. The two controllers communicate asynchronously over the keyboard cable.

Many "ergonomic" keyboards work according to one principle; angling the two halves of the main keypad to allow the elbows to rest in a more natural position. Apple's Adjustable Keyboard has a wide, gently sloping wrist rest, and splits down the middle, enabling the user to find the most comfortable typing angle. It has a detachable numeric keypad so the user can position the mouse closer to the alphabetic keys. Cherry Electrical sells a similar split keyboard for the PC. The keyboard which sells in the largest volumes (and is one of the cheapest) is the Microsoft Natural Keyboard. This also separates the keys into two halves and its undulating design is claimed to accommodate the natural curves of the hand.