VI. Translate into English.

1. USB робить комп’ютер сумісним з будь-яким пристроєм. 2. З’єднання з Інтернетом за допомогою модему – застаріла технологія. 3. У комп’ютері часто є кілька охолоджувачів. 4. На жорсткому диску інформація може зберігатися тривалий час, навіть коли відключено живлення. 5. Гнучкі диски вже застаріли, але бажано, щоб на комп’ютері був встановлений драйвер для їх читання. 6. Материнська плата пов’язує всі компоненти комп’ютера разом. 7. Оперативна пам'ять слугує для тимчасового зберігання даних. 8. Компоненти і порти комп’ютера знаходяться в системному блоці.

VII. True or false?

1. Modem is used to access data via a telephone line.

2. Sales boomed as a wide spectrum of users.

3. Any computer has a floppy disc drive.

4. Laptops are more expansive compared to desktops.

5. Desktop computers are commonly connected to a power strip.

6. The first desktop computer was invented in 1951.

7. All-in-all computers were invented by Hewlett Packard.

8. Notebooks contain components that are opposite to their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions.

9. A mouse was invented later than keyboard.

10. Computer always has two disc drives.

11. The laptops’ components are miniaturized.

VIII. Translate the text into English.

Key words: single, recording, possibility, ray, to absorb, organic, dye, blank, reflective, presence.

Text D

3. CD-R

CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable, Записуваний Компакт-Диск) — різновид компакт-диску (CD), розроблений компаніями Philips та Sony для однократного запису інформації. CD-R підтримує всі можливості стандарту "Red-Book" і плюс до цього дозволяє записати дані.

Інформація записується на диск за допомогою пристрою для запису (CD-рекордер). Енергія променю лазера поглинається органічним барвником болванки, внаслідок чого він змінює свою відбивну здатність. Іноді цей процес називають "прожигом", що насправді не зовсім вірно. Зчитуються такі болванки дещо гірше, ніж звичайні CD-ROM-диски через наявність додаткового шару, що зменшує коефіцієнт відбиття.

Unit 12

Text A

I. Read and translate the following text. Give a brief history of computers development. Present it in a written form. Answer the questions below the text.

The first hackers (continue)

The two men who first introduced the personal computer (PC) to the marketplace had backgrounds unlike Robert Noyce’s. They had neither prestigious university education nor experience in big business. Twenty-year-old Steven Jobs and twenty-four-year-old Stephen Wozniak were college’ drop outs who had collaborated on their first project as computer hobbyists in a local computer club. Built in the garage of Jobs’ parents, this first personal computer utilized the technology of Noyce’s integrated circuit. It was typewriter-sized, as powerful as a much larger computer, and inexpensive to build. To Wozniak the new machine was a gadget to share with other members of their computer club. To Jobs, however, it was a product with great marketing potential for homes and small businesses. To raise the $1300 needed to fill their first orders Jobs sold his Volkswagen bus and Wozniak sold his scientific calculator. Wozniak built and delivered the first order of 100 computers in ten days. Lacking funds, he was forced to use the least expensive materials, the fewest chips, and the most creative arrangement of components. Jobs and Wozniak soon had more orders than they could fill with their makeshift production line. Computer technology has opened a variety of opportunities for people who are creative risk-takers. Those who have been successful have been alert technologically, creatively, and financially. They have known when to use the help of other people and when to work alone. Whereas some have been immediately successful, others have gone unrewarded for their creative and financial investments; some failure is inevitable in an environment as competitive as the Silicon Vally. Rarely in history have so many people been so motivated to create. Many of them have been rewarded greatly with fame and fortune, and the world has benefited from this frenzy of innovation.

1. Who first introduced the personal computer (PC) to the marketplace?

2. Where was the first personal computer built?

3. What was the new machine to Wozniak?

4. What was the new machine to Jobs?

5. Computer technology has opened a variety of opportunities for people who are creative risk-takers, hasn’t it?