VII.A. Письменно переведите следующий текст:

What is Business?

1. A Dictionary and Thesaurus give many meanings of the noun “business”:

• A trade or profession - for example, “What business are you in?”

• The purchase and sale of goods and services - for example, “Smith and I do business together.”

• A commercial or industrial establishment - for example, “This business employs 400 people.”

• Volume of commercial activity - for example, “Business is good at the moment.”

• Commercial policy - for example, “Overcharging (to overcharge - запрашивать завышенную цену) customers is bad business.”

Other meanings exist, but they are not relevant here. So we want the problem to be cleared up before we start a study of business.

2. We consider business studies not to be a single, tidy subject with its own body of knowledge (body of knowledge - банк знаний) and its own language. Rather, it is a blend (blend - зд. cовокупность) of many specialist subjects. Economics is the basis of business studies and provides a firm foundation upon which to build. Money (as represented by finance and accounting) is the language of business, and needs to be controlled and kept secure. People make business, and their behaviour must be understood and influenced when possible. Business must be controlled by laws, and society needs to be protected from its worst excesses. Communication is the lifeblood of business and pervades every aspect of it. Mathematics and statistics are known to be the key to understanding, describing and solving many of the problems faced by businesses.

3. For example, a company thinking about developing a new product or service ought to consider if there will be sufficient demand for it, and whether the level of demand would be affected by price (economics). Can the company afford to produce it and make a profit at the price customers would be willing to pay (finance)?

4. Has it got people with the right skills and expertise for designing and making the good (people)? Has the product been covered by any special legal regulations as the upholstery or toy industries have (law)? Ought the company to do some marketing research to find out what people think before spending too much money (mathematics and statistics)? In everything, that is mentioned here, information and ideas are being given and gathered by the company all the time (communication).

5. If any one of these activities turns up a problem, it will affect all the others. For example, if the law says that only flame resistant foam (flame resistant foam – огнеупорный пластик) may be used in the product, it may put up the costs, the price may have to be raised to cover it, that may mean fewer customers and less income, which may mean the company cannot afford to employ expert staff, so it may have to drop the whole idea.

VIII.A. Exercises to the text                                                

Ex.1. Выпишите из 4-го абзаца текста все сказуемые, смысловой глагол которых выражен причастием прошедшего времени (Participle II). Определите время и залог сказуемого. Дайте исходную форму смыслового глагола.

Например: has been collected - Present Perfect Passive Voice, to collect.

Ex.2. Найдите в 1, 2 и 3-м абзацах текста слова, оканчивающиеся на -ing. Подчеркните причастия настоящего времени одной чертой (2 примера), герундий - пунктирной линией (6 примеров).

Ex.3. Найдите в 1-м и 2-м абзацах текста и подчеркните волнистой линией инфинитивные обороты: сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) (1 пример) и сложное дополнение (Complex Object) (2 примера).

Ex.4. Опираясь на текст, переведите на английский язык следующие группы слов:

Ремесло или профессия, купля и продажа, товары и услуги, промышленное предприятие, закладывать прочную основу, бухгалтерское дело, надежно защищенный, спрос на …, цена, отражаться (на чем-либо), извлекать выгоду, опыт и компетентность, иметь особые правовые нормы по продаже данного товара, исследование конъюнктуры рынка, доход, привлекать специалистов.

Ex.5.  Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1) What do we mean by the term “business”?

2) What specialist subjects do business studies consist of?

3) What will happen if any one of these activities turns up a problem?

 

Тексты по специальности и послетекстовые задания для  студентов юридического факультета