14. How many work-related words can you find? There are fifteen.

Jobs and Work

G P S E C R E T A R Y R V S

M R K O V E R T I M E D B H

A O D A T V O L U N T E E R

N F C M J X G D A G T U R E

A E H D E MU S I C I A N N

G S U E X E P D T U P R G G

E S P N S C I E N T I S T L

R A T U H S U Y U H P Q E A

R O L I R A C O D R S C A W

S N W S G N S A L A R Y C Y

J A V T E I H Z A Y O F H E

L L Y W O C E N G I N E E R

J O U R N A L I S T J H R T

15. Memory Work

a) Match the beginnings and ends of these sayings. Give Ukrainian equivalents.

1 All work and no play a) we change with them

2 A woman’s work b) meet together

3 Work won’t kill c) there are bad clothes

4 Many hands d) fine before eleven

5 Rain before seven, e) but worry will

6 There is no bad weather f) is never done

7 When two Sundays g) makes Jack a dull boy

8 Time change h) make light work

b) Use the proverbs and sayings in a natural context. First make sure that you know what they mean and prove that they have sense.

c) Learn them by heart.

Unit 3. Reading and Speaking

Text Study

Read the text and say what happens with nature in different seasons.

The Seasons of the Year

In the depths of winter we have the habit of fantasizing about seasons past, haunted by memories of old springtime love affairs, of summer adventures on foreign shores and solitary strolls through autumnal woods. Perhaps we linger most nostalgically over the season just passed, remembering how we greedily gorged on raspberries and blackberries and exclaimed at the fiery colours of the last leaves of half naked trees as they stood out brilliantly against the dark green conifers.

With the approach of winter, nights become chilly. We wake up to see frost on the lawn and edging the leaves of shrubs. Snow is unlikely at this time of year, but if you live near mountains you may have a dramatic view of snow-capped peaks while the valleys are still green.

Although winter begins officially on December 21st, it is usu­ally January before really cold weather sets in. When it comes there are compensations for the discomforts and restrictions. The beauty of the winter landscape deep in snow is overwhelming or heart-stopping or gives pause for thought or makes you wild with the desire to go out and paint it or play in it, according to your na­ture. Children go wild with joy, build snowmen, throw snowballs, go tobogganing, make slides on the treacherous ice of lakes and ponds, to their parents' terror, while adults plan skiing holidays or become nostalgic about winters past.

We suddenly become aware of animals, too, particularly hares, foxes and deer, as we see their tracks in the snow, hunger having driven them into urban areas. This brings us to the other, brutal side of winter. It is, of course, a very tough time for animals. Birds may migrate but the best thing that animals can do is to hibernate or, if not, build up winter supplies as squirrels do. Those not equipped with these skills have to survive as best they can - if they have managed to survive the autumn hunting season. Transport becomes a prob­lem, too. Train schedules are interrupted by snow on the line and snowploughs have to be brought out when snowdrifts have made roads impassable. There is also the possibility of damage to win­ter vegetables or fruit trees, which gives gardeners something to worry about.

But long severe winters are rare in Western Europe. After a few weeks the temperature rises and the thaw sets in, often re­sulting in swollen mountain streams and flooding in the valleys. Eventually this water finds its way to the sea, and the earth prepares itself for another cycle. In other countries in different climatic zones, there is only a few degrees' difference between winter and summer. This may have many advantages, but a varied climate such as ours powerfully marks what is actually happening to our living world, the going to ground of all signs of life, the beginning of activity in what seems dead, the extraordinary burgeoning of abundant life and the profligate and profuse generation of fruits and living creatures before energy dwindles back to its roots. Not that things always happen so smoothly. Summer holidays are not always enjoyed in torrid heat and you may pick roses on Christmas day. Nature likes to be unpredictable at times but, as far as the ebb and flow of life is concerned, she always keeps her word.