Be going to, modal passive

	Passive form	Example
be going to (future)	am/are/is going to be + PP	The factory is going to be closed. …собираются закрыть
modal passive	modal verb + be + PP	It must be done today. …нужно сделать… (должно быть сделано)

Exercise 1. Form the passive infinitives:

e.g. to do – to be done

to buy, to send, to offer, to make, to speak, to say, to use, to give, to pay, to supply, to control, to sell, to lend, to borrow, to produce, to influence, to tell, to write, to show, to break, to sign, to fix, to reduce, to meet.

Exercise 2. State the form of the following predicates:

is called, have been made, are being asked, will be represented, were included, are known, can be compared, were being examined, will have been discussed, had been replaced, was allowed, am shown, must be found, is going to be closed, should be proved, was being fed, is to be completed.

Exercise 3. Rearrange the following to form a predicate:

bought have been, will required be, manufactured was, sold be will, will been have delivered, being are informed, being were tested, be must determined, achieved has been, be cannot solved, going is to be cleaned, related were, had chosen been.

Exercise 4. Write the passive forms of the following verbs:

e.g. to reduce (Past Simple) – was / were reduced

to use (Present Simple), to invite (Past Simple), to give (Future Perfect), to do (Past Continuous), to arrange (Future Simple), to make (Present Perfect), to ask (Present Continuous), to deliver (Past Perfect).

Translating passive structures

Exercise 5. Match a – h with 1 – 8.

a)	was being explained	e)	will have been explained
b)	is explained	f)	will be explained
c)	is being explained	g)	had been explained
d)	have been explained	h)	was explained

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect
Present	2) объясняется, объясняют usually, always	1) объясняется, объясняют at the moment, now	8) объяснены, объяснили already, just
Past	3) было объяснено, объяснили yesterday, last week	4) объяснялось, объясняли yesterday at 3 o’clock, when you came	5) было объяснено, объяснили yesterday by 3 o’clock
Future	7) будет объяснено, объяснят tomorrow	---	6) будет объяснено, объяснят tomorrow by 3 o’clock

Exercise 6. Translate the following word combinations paying attention to the adverbs of time and frequency:

1. the house is being built now; the students are being examined at the moment; the article is being written now;

2. the exams have just been passed; the prices have not been reduced yet; the goods have already been bought; the article has been discussed by now;

3. these students are sometimes asked; such houses are usually built; such experiments are made every day; the truth is seldom told; such terms are often accepted;

4. the contract was signed two hours ago; the cake was made yesterday; the articles were published last week;

5. the law had been discovered by the end of the last century; the office had been cleaned by their arrival; the test had been written by 2 o’clock;

6. the problem was being discussed when the boss arrived; those goods were being produced at that moment;

7. the agreement will be signed tomorrow; you will be invited next time;

8. the problem will have been solved by the end of the week; the telegram will have been received by 7 o’clock.

Exercise 7. Complete each sentence by using the correct form of one of the following verbs. Use each verb once only. Translate the sentences into Russian.

hold know lose send set up

steal tell underwrite

1. A prospectus will be _________ to all potential investors.

2. Why weren’t clients _________ in advance about this increase in fees?

3. A product can be __________ by different names in different countries.

4. An extraordinary general meeting will be _________ next Monday.

5. The share offer will be _________ by a leading merchant bank.

6. 110 working days have been _________ so far this year as a result of industrial unrest.

7. A network of service centers will be ________ to take care of installation and maintenance.

8. They claim that plans for the new aircraft were _________ by a competitor.

Exercise 8. Rewrite the following sentences in all the forms of the Passive Voice using an appropriate time or frequency adverb and translate them into Russian.

1. The necessary instructions are given by the manager. (always, yesterday, often, in a week, at 5 o’clock yesterday, now, just, by the time you came)

2. My TV-set will be fixed tomorrow. (the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow, already, by the time you arrive, when you came, at the moment)