The past perfect passive

Exercise 1. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. When 1 got to the parking lot, 1 didn't find my car. It (steal).

2. He said he (not invite) to the party.

3. When the taxi arrived, the things (pack) already.

4. There were no tickets left when we came. They all (sell out).

5. When Mother came, the room looked spotless. Everything (tidy up).

6. I (ask) a lot of questions before they agreed I knew not­hing.

7. When the guests came, everything (do) already.

8. By the time we got home, everything was quiet. The chil­dren (put) to bed.

9. His report (discuss) before we arrived.

10. The work (do) by the end of last week.

Exercise 2. Make up sentences, as in the example.

e.g. Everything has been arranged. (I didn’t know)

I didn’t know everything had been arranged.

1. The books haven’t been delivered yet. (The librarian said)

2. The journalist was lost a few days ago. (We didn’t know)

3. The contract has already been signed. (The boss said)

4. He was forbidden to drive the car. (We didn’t know)

5. The picture was brought back some days ago. (I learnt)

6. He has been told about it several times. (She said)

7. He wasn’t allowed to take part in the expedition. (I knew)

8. Everything was prepared for the party. (I thought)

9. The date of the meeting has already been fixed. (I was told)

10. The text wasn’t recorded. (They told me)

Exercise 3. Emma Doyle has got three children. Yesterday she had to go out. What had been done by the children by the time she got home? Look at the prompts and make sentences using the Past Perfect Passive, as in the example.

e.g. The beds had been made. – The dishes had not been washed.

beds / make dishes / wash plants / water carpet / hoover

+ - + +

cat / feed dinner / cook rubbish / take out windows / clean

- - + -

Exercise 4. Translate into English.

1. Я была очень рада, когда узнала, что его пригласили в университет читать лекции по экономике. 2. Мне пришлось подождать. Секретарь сказала, что документы еще не подписаны. 3. К пяти часам контракт был подписан. 4. К вечеру вся работа была завершена. 5. Мы были разочарованы. Нам не прислали приглашение на встречу. 6. Я был уверен, что о месте встречи договорились заранее. 7. К тому времени все было куплено. 8. Я думал, что дом еще строится, но его уже построили.

The future perfect passive

Exercise 1. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. By next summer the swimming pool (build) in this street.

2. By three o'clock my work (finish) already.

3. By the time you come back the flat (tidy up).

4. The supper (cook) by the time the children come from school?

5. By next year this house (reconstruct).

6. I hope by winter this road (repair).

7. 1 think by tomorrow the question (settle).

8. By the time he comes all questions (discuss).

9. You can't go to the library at eight tomorrow. By that time it (close).

10. They think that by next winter the reconstruction works (finish) and they'll be able to let the tourists see the gallery.

Exercise 2. a) What do you think will / won’t have been done in your street / district / city by, 2020? Make up sentences using the following verbs in the Future Perfect Passive: to build, to create, to repair, to reconstruct, to open, to close, to enlarge, to widen, etc.

b) What changes will have occurred on our planet by the year 2050? Make up sentences using the following verbs in the Future Perfect Passive: to find, to invent, to discover, to build, to achieve, etc.

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

1. Офис построят к сентябрю. 2. Контрольные работы будут проверены к концу урока. 3. Приходите в 5. К тому времени визы приготовят. 4. Все приглашения будут разосланы к концу недели. 5. К вечеру соглашение подпишут. 6. К концу года дом построят. 7. Не беспокойся. Тексты переведут к понедельнику. 8. К декабрю книгу опубликуют.

MODALS + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Active	Passive
I can do it.	It can be done (by me).
He should do it.	It should be done (by him).
You ought to do it.	It ought to be done (by you).
She must do it.	It must be done (by her).
He has to do it.	It has to be done (by him).
We are to do it.	It is to be done (by us).
They may do it.	It may be done (by them).
They could do it.	It could be done (by them).
You might do it.	It might be done (by you).

Exercise 1. Choose the correct modal verb:

1. можно перевести (must, can) be translated;

2. нельзя решить (must not, cannot) be solved;

3. нужно получить (must, may) be obtained;

4. можно доставить (can, must) be delivered;

5. нужно применить (must, can) be applied;

6. может быть подписан (can, should) be signed;

7. следует определить (may, should) be determined;

8. нужно сделать (has to, could) be done.

Exercise 2. These sentences are taken from job adverts. Put the verb in brackets after the modal in the sentences, using the correct passive form of the verb.

1. Application forms should _________ (return) by 12 December. 2. Further particulars may _________ (obtain) from the Senior Tutor. 3. Only candidates with relevant experience can _________ (consider). 4. You would _________ (expect) to take part in some sports. 5. This post will ________ (fund) initially for three years. 6. Names of two referees should _________(give). 7. Interviews will ________(hold) in early January. 8. Applications should ________ (make) on this form only. 9. Teachers might _________ (offer) accommodation in college.

Exercise 3. Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning remains the same.

a)

They should build more blocks of flats in this city. More blocks of flats should be built in this city. I think they could widen this road. – I think this road ______________ They should ban traffic from the city center. – Traffic______________ They could do something about the noise! – Something ____________ They should plant more trees and bushes here. – More _____________ They could knock down all those ugly buildings. – The old buildings__ They could change the plans for the new motorway. – The plans_____

b)

We have to organize our party. – Our party has to be organized. We should invite the guests this week. – The guests_______________ We will have to telephone some of them. – Some of them___________ We have to buy all the food. – All the food______________________ We have to put up the decorations. – The decorations______________ We have to wrap the presents. – The presents____________________ We have to find a baby-sitter. – A baby-sitter____________________ We have to cook the turkey for a long time. – The turkey__________

Exercise 4. Change the following sentences from active into passive and translate them into Russian.

1. You must do three of these exercises tomorrow. 2. You can find the book you need in any library. 3. We must send these letters at once. 4. I can easily forgive this mistake. 5. You should do this work very carefully. 6. You have to answer this letter immediately. 7. They may send my friend to England to lecture on economics. 8. The Trade Fair is a wonderful thing; you must see it. 9. You must do this work very carefully. 10. You can cross the river on a raft.