11. Read the text about wool again and make a list of advantages of this material.

12. Write a short essay illustrating the following expression:

"Wool: cherish its looks and safety years after the cost is forgotten".

11. Match the words with their definitions.

    0. Available a) Of several kinds, different;

    1. Facilities b) Plans, preparations;

    2. Budget c) The proportion between the picture, map, plan,

etc. of an object and the object itself;

0. Arrangements d) Capable of being used or obtained;

1. Scale e) Making a plan for spending money after finding

how much money there will be and how much will be needed;

0. Various f) Things of circumstances that help one to do

something.

11. Find out what is true and what is false. Put a tick next to the correct statements. Rewrite the false ones to make them true.

1. Upholstery is made of such natural fabrics as linen and cotton.

2. For making bedspreads and curtains wool has been used since ancient times.

3. Fabrics made from fiberglass can resemble natural materials.

4. Acrylics can withstand the heavy wear received by upholstery.

5. Modacrylics are known as a special blend of highly inflammable acrylics.

11. Read the text and answer the following questions:

What are some things a designer should consider before developing a plan for an interior? Why is potential user's life style essential in developing a plan? What kinds of things should be shown on the floor plan of a room?

Developing a plan

Before developing a plan for an interior, a designer must consider a number of things. The designer must first determine the purpose of the area, the life style (way of life) of those who will use it, and the budget available.

Many designers begin by listing all the activities an area might be used for so that the final plan will provide the right atmosphere and the necessary facilities for each activity.

Like the purpose of the interior, the life style of those who use it helps determine both the mood and the specific items to be included in the design plan. For example, active children need a play area with a bright mood and with furnishings that withstand rough treatment. Individual preferences for colors and materials as well as personal interests in a sport or hobby may also help in creating the design plan.

A budget can help a designer make the best use of the money available for an interior design project. Some people reuse old furniture, carpeting, draperies, or other items in their new design so they can spend more of the design budget on other things. A budget may also be important in making a predesign analysis of the interior architecture. If a large budget is available, the designer may wish to change the size or shape of an area by removing walls or by adding such features as partitions or built-in cabinets.

All the predesign considerations help establish what professional designers refer to as the design concept. The design concept may be the general mood desired for an interior; a design element, such as pattern or texture; or a specific item, such as a favorite piece of furniture or a painting. By selecting each item for the interior to harmonize with the design concept, the designer can create a unified final plan.

A floor plan drawn to scale helps both professional and nonpro­fessional designers decide the best way to arrange the furniture in a room. Many designers use a scale of one inch to represent one foot. The floor plan of a room 12 feet by 16 feet would thus be drawn as 3 inches by 4 inches. The plan should show the location and width of the walls, windows, doors, closets, and other built-in features. It should also show the location of heating and cooling units and of electric outlets.

A careful study of the floor plan helps the designer see what areas can be used for furniture arrangements and what areas must be left open. For example, areas next to heating or cooling vents would not be suitable places for heavy furniture, which would block the circulation of air into the room. Doorways should be clear so people can easily move into and out of a room.

Furniture arrangements can be tested by cutting out pieces of paper in the shapes of the pieces of furniture to be used and then shifting them about on the floor plan. The furniture patterns should be drawn to the same scale as the floor plan. Most designers develop two or more room arrangement plans so they can compare the effectiveness of each. A person who intends to purchase new furniture can experiment with arranging a great variety of different furniture shapes. A person who plans to reuse old furniture is more limited in shapes but may still experiment with various arrangements. If floor coverings are to be used, the designer may also try the different arrangements suggested by area rugs, which cover only part of a floor, or by carpeting, which is laid wall to wall.

A room that is used for more than one activity may have two or more furniture groupings. For example, a family room might have groupings for television viewing, game playing, and reading. A child's bedroom may include separate groupings for sleeping, for study, and for play.

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