First aid
PART TWO
Unit 7
1. Выучите следующие слова:
1. crew n — команда
2. hazard n — опасность
3. vehicle n — транспортное средство
4. disaster n — бедствие
5. famine n — массовый голод
6. lifeguard n — спасатель на водах
7. helicopter n — вертолет
2. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What civil emergencies do you know?
2. When is Gas hazardous?
3. What does Emergency road service provide?
4. What do you think famine relief teams are used for?
5. What location specific emergency services do you know?
6. What do Park rangers look after?
7. Is there a special lifeguard service in Russia?
8. What activities are Russian emergency services involved in?
Civil Emergency Services
These are emergency services who deal with emergencies, mostly as an incidental part of their “day job”.
• Public utility crews — Safeguarding Gas, Electricity and Water, which are all potentially hazardous if infrastructure fails
• Emergency road service — A service providing repair or recovery for vehicles which have broken down or been involved in a collision
• Emergency Social Services — A component of the Provincial Emergency Program of the Province of British Columbia. ESS are those services required to preserve the well-being of people affected by an emergency or disaster. Teams are established in local municipalities and assemble together for meetings and contingency planning.
• Community emergency response teams & Certified first responders — Used for mass emergencies, organizing facilities such as rest centers
• Famine relief teams
Location Specific Emergency Services
Some locations have emergency services dedicated to them, and whilst this does not necessarily preclude individuals using their skills outside this area (or be used to support other emergency services outside their area); they are primarily focused on the safety or security of a given geographical place.
• Park rangers - Looking after many emergencies within their given area, including fire, medical and security issues
• Lifeguards — Charged with reacting to emergencies within their own given remit area, usually a pool, beach or open water area
3. Прочитайте со словарем информацию о вспомогательных службах мчс. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. Are there secondary emergency services in Russia?
2. Which of them are the most important?
3. Can any services be neglected?
Secondary Emergency Services
There are other emergency services, which are often provided by one of the three core services, but other times provided by separate body.
Mountain rescue refers to search and rescue activities that occur in a mountainous environment, although the term is sometimes also used to apply to search and rescue in other wilderness environments. The difficult and remote nature of the terrain in which mountain rescue often occurs has resulted in the development of a number of specific pieces of equipment and techniques. Helicopters are often used to quickly extract casualties, and search dogs may be used to locate them. Mountain rescue services may be paid professionals or
volunteer professionals. Paid rescue services are more likely to exist in places with a high demand such as the Alps, national parks with mountain terrain and many ski resorts.
A mountain rescue helicopter in the Bavarian Alps
However, the labor-intensive and occasional nature of mountain rescue, along with the specific techniques and local knowledge required for some environments, means that mountain rescue is often undertaken by voluntary teams. These are frequently made up of local climbers and guides. Often paid rescue services may work in co-operation with voluntary services. For instance, a paid helicopter rescue team may work with a volunteer mountain rescue team on the ground. Mountain rescue is often free, although in some parts of the world rescue organizations may charge for their services. But there are also exceptions, e. g. Switzerland, where mountain rescue is highly expensive (some 2,000 to 4,000 USD) and will be charged to the patient. In more remote or less-developed parts of the world organized mountain rescue services are often negligible or non-existent.
Mine rescue is the specialized job of rescuing miners and others who have become trapped or injured in underground mines, often coalmines. Its members are recruited from men who are experienced in working underground in mines and with the various sorts of mine machinery that they may come across or have to find a way round during the rescue.
Mine rescue teams are specialized teams of men who are familiar with procedures used to rescue people trapped in mines by hazards. Hazards in mines may include fires, explosions, cave-in, toxic gas and
water entering the mine. Most mine rescue teams are composed of teams of miners who know the mine. Local and state governments also have teams of persons on call ready to respond to mine accidents.
Mining laws of today require trained, properly equipped mine rescue teams to be maintained at all mining operations, both surface (open pit) and underground.
Mine rescue is a dangerous task and rescue crews are made up of volunteers who risk their lives to save their fellow workers.
In Britain, mine rescue men are sometimes called to investigate holes in the ground that have appeared because of land subsidence into old mineshafts and mine workings.
Bomb disposal is the process by which hazardous explosive devices are rendered safe. "Bomb disposal" is an all encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military, public safety and civilian fields.
Search and rescue (acronym SAR) is an operation mounted by emergency services, often well-trained volunteers, to find someone believed to be in distress, lost, sick or injured either in a remote or difficult to access area, such as mountains, desert or forest ("Wilderness search and rescue"), or at sea, whether close to shore or not. The term can also be applied in urban situations when young children or senile people wander away from their homes and cannot be found.
Urban search and rescue (also known as Suburban Search and Rescue as USAR Teams often relates to structural collapses and other technical rescue) operations are search and rescue operations conducted in a city. One of the most common is searching for people buried as a result of a building collapse, as might happen after an earthquake. Sometimes, urban searches are performed for missing persons with certain criteria (for example, missing Alzheimer’s patients with a history of wandering away from their home). Also, a wilderness search may become transition into an urban search. This is common when lost children are involved.
Maritime search and rescue services such as the local coast guard or lifeboat.
Blood or Organ Transplant Supply — organizations that provide organs or blood on an emergency basis, such as the National Blood Service of the United Kingdom.