Вопросы для повторения и обсуждения

1. Что лежит в основе подхода к планированию работы с учетом человеческого фак­тора? Какие основные моменты следует принять во внимани-при планировании работы, чтобы были удовлетворены требования эргономики?

2. Какой из предметов вашего обихода обладает неоправданно сложной конструк­цией, затрудняющей его использование? Опишите несколько улучшений, которые можно внести в органы управления и/или дисплей.

3. Все те три метода психологического планирования работы или ее реорганизации, которые обсуждались в этой главе, были разработаны по меньшей мере 30 лет на­зад. Какой из них, на ваш взгляд, наиболее подходит для современных предприя­тий, и почему?

4. Сравните между собой относительные преимущества и недостатки сжатой рабочей недели и гибкого графика работы, с точки зрения: а) родителя-одиночки или работника, имеющего дома престарелого родителя, и б) жителей района, в котором находится организация-работодатель.

5. Пользуясь тем, что вам известно о влиянии физических аспектов рабочей среды на поведение и установки человека на работе, создайте «идеальную рабочую среду» (аудиторию) для студентов и преподавателей.

Основные термины

воспринимаемые характеристики работы (perceived task characteristics)

машинные дисплеи (machine displays)

методы работы (work methods)

планирование работы с учетом человеческого фактора (human factors job design)

органы управления машиной (machine controls)

рабочее место (workspace envelope)

расширение диапазона работы/обогащение работы (job enlargement/job enrichment) сжатая рабочая неделя/гибкий график работы (compressed work week/flextime)

система «оператор—машина» (operator-machine system)

посменная работа (shift work)

социотехническое планирование работы (sociotechnicaljob design)

телекоммуникативный работник (telecommuter)

физические условия труда (physical working conditions)

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