- •Стадульская н.А., Антипова л.А.,
- •Введение
- •Unit 1. Becoming a dentist
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Student’s life
- •Part II. Conversation
- •Case 1:
- •Case 2:
- •About myself
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part III. Reading
- •My future specialty. Dentistry active vocabulary of the text
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Part V. Writing
- •Writing a Dental Curriculum Vitae (cv)
- •Example. Profile.
- •Основные этапы аннотированного перевода:
- •Dental education in russia and abroad
- •Part VII. Grammar
- •(Иметь)
- •Present simple active
- •Past simple active
- •Future simple active
- •Имя существительное (noun)
- •Артикль
- •Неопределенный артикль (Indefinite Article)
- •Определенный артикль (Definite Article)
- •Нулевой артикль (Zero Article)
- •Имя прилагательное (adjective)
- •Степени сравнения прилагательных
- •2. Многосложные
- •3. Исключения
- •Числительное (the numeral)
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •1. Put the verb into a right form:
- •2. Fill in the correct article.
- •3. Fill in the correct form of the verb “to be”.
- •3. Fill in the correct form of the verb “have”.
- •4. Translate the following words and phrases:
- •Unit 2. Major organ systems
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Breathing and the respiratory system
- •Part II. Conversation
- •Case 2:
- •Case 1:
- •Dialogue
- •Part III. Reading
- •How the body works? active vocabulary of the text
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Body Systems Rap
- •Part V. Writing
- •Образец делового письма
- •Part VI. Translation
- •Blood and the heart
- •Part VII. Grammar
- •Наречие (adverb)
- •II. Правила правописания
- •V. У некоторых наречий есть степени сравнения
- •Местоимения (pronouns)
- •Предлоги (prepositions)
- •Prepositions
- •1. Предлоги времени (prepositions of time):
- •Устойчивые словосочетания с предлогами времени:
- •2. Предлоги места (prepositions of place)
- •3. Предлоги направления (movement prepositions)
- •Continuous tenses active (времена группы continuous)
- •Present continuous active (настоящее длительное время)
- •Утвердительная форма
- •Past continuous active (прошедшее длительное время)
- •Утвердительная форма
- •Future continuous active (будущее длительное время)
- •Утвердительное предложение
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form, Present Continuous or Present Simple.
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form, Past Continuous or Past Simple.
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •Unit 3. Human teeth
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Part II. Conversation
- •Case 2:
- •Case 1:
- •Dialogue
- •Part III. Reading
- •Exercise 9: Study Active Vocabulary of the text “Tooth Infection Signs And Symptoms” and read it: active vocabulary of the text
- •Tooth infection signs and symptoms
- •What type of dentist do I need?
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Exercise 12: Listen to the “Learn About the Teeth”
- •Part V. Writing
- •Part VI. Translation
- •Фирменные названия (brandnames / trademarks)
- •Branded and generic medicines
- •2. What is the main idea of the text?
- •Part VII. Grammar perfect active
- •The present perfect tense
- •Слова-спутники:
- •The past perfect tense
- •The future perfect tense
- •Способы словообразования в английском языке
- •Modal verbs
- •В группу модальных глаголов входят:
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •Unit 4. Dental care
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Label the Teeth
- •Types of dental fillings
- •Mercury-free dentistry
- •Part II. Conversation Useful phrases: Reservation. Conference.
- •Case 1:
- •Case 2:
- •Dialogue arrange a conference
- •Conference requirements
- •Part III. Reading
- •Basics of oral health active vocabulary of the text
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Black teeth
- •Part V. Writing
- •A contract
- •Four Common Types of Business contracts.
- •Never work without a business contract!
- •Contract of employment
- •Part VI. Translation Многозначность лексики, полисемия
- •Are bad teeth hereditary?
- •Part VII. Grammar
- •The passive voice
- •Types of questions
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •1. Transform the following sentences into Passive Voice.
- •2. Correct mistakes
- •3. Continue following sentences and translate them:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Fill in this Contract my english learning contract
- •Appendix Unit 1. Becoming a Dentist text 1. What's a typical workday like for a dentist?
- •Text 2. Top 9 dental problems
- •1. Bad Breath
- •2. Tooth Decay
- •Unit 2. Major Organ Systems text 1. Human digestive system
- •Text 2. Integumentary system organs
- •Integumentary System Functions
- •Unit 3. Human Teeth text 1. What is oral hygiene
- •The Risks of Poor Oral Hygiene
- •How Important is Good Oral Hygiene
- •Oral Hygiene Methods
- •Tooth Brushing
- •Teeth Flossing
- •Other Interdental Cleaning Tools
- •Mouthwash
- •Text 2. Antibiotics and gum disease
- •How antimicrobial treatment of gum disease works?
- •Types of antimicrobial treatment for gum disease
- •Antibacterial toothpaste
- •Periostat (Doxycycline)
- •Follow-up on antibiotic treatments of gum disease
- •Risks of antibiotic treatments of gum disease
- •Unit 4. Dental Care text 1. How to become a dental hygienist
- •Text 2. Mini dental implants vs. Traditional dental implants
- •Dentistry english
Part III. Reading
Exercise 7: Before reading the text answer some questions:
What can protect teeth from decay?
What’s the major cause of losing teeth?
What kind of diseases can you get?
Exercise 8: Before reading the text explain some words: pulpitis, abscess, infection, immune system, hygiene.
Exercise 9: Study Active Vocabulary of the text “Tooth Infection Signs And Symptoms” and read it: active vocabulary of the text
pulpitis |
[pulpitis] |
пульпит |
periapical |
[peri`apikal] |
периапикальный, околоверхушечный |
malocclusion |
[malokluζn] |
аномалия прикуса |
decay |
[dɪ'keɪ] |
разрушение |
plaque |
[plɑ:k] |
пятно |
buildup |
[bild Λp] |
наращивание |
warrior |
['wɔrɪə] |
боец |
gum |
[gʌm] |
десна |
periodontist |
[periodontist] |
пародонтолог |
Tooth infection signs and symptoms
Common tooth disorders include cavities, pulpitis, periapical abscess, impacted teeth, and malocclusion. Fractured, loosened, and knocked-out teeth are considered urgent dental problems, as are some toothaches. Tooth decay, which often leads to toothache and tooth loss, can be largely prevented with good oral hygiene, which helps remove plaque and prevent tartar buildup.
There are 3 types of tooth infection. They have their own different characteristics but one thing common about them is the fact that they can cause so much pain. The first type of tooth infection is when the infection is inside your tooth (the living pulp tissue). This usually results from severe irritation or tooth decay. Normally, the body would send out its defensive warriors to fight off with the infection. But in the case of tooth infections, this is not possible. There is no room for the white blood cells or the antibodies and that is why they break down. Even antibiotics can't fully help the teeth recover from this kind of infection.
The second type of tooth infection is when the infection is located in the bone around the end of the tooth. This type of tooth infection will cause a tooth abscess. In this type of tooth infection wherein the bacteria is located on the bone, the white blood cells and antibodies can be put to use. But there is still a problem in this kind of situation. New bacteria are constantly being supplied to the infected region. These bacteria are supplied by the dead tissue inside your tooth. However, there is a possibility that the body's immune system can win against the infection. Unfortunately, the result of the battle between the infection and the immune system may last for several years. And if your antibody is on the losing side and you did not know about it, you may just someday notice that your teeth are in constant pain and that the infection has already spread to the other areas of your mouth.
The 3rd type of infection is gum infection. This type of infection occurs in the gums surrounding your teeth. This too can result in abscesses. This type of infection can also be fought by the body's white blood cells and antibodies. This is actually a special type of infection which is already handled not by the dentist but a periodontist.
Summary: Tooth decay is caused by bacteria, and leads to damage to tooth enamel, which results in cavities. It can also result in tooth pain, infection, tooth loss, and in very severe cases, tooth decay can result in death.
Exercise 10: Answer the following questions:
What kind of tooth disorders do you know?
How can you prevent the tooth loss?
How many types of tooth infection do you know?
What is the tooth infection?
What is the gum infection?
What are supplied by the dead tissue inside your tooth?
Exercise 11: Can you identify the specialists in right order. Use the dictionary if necessary.