- •Стадульская н.А., Антипова л.А.,
- •Введение
- •Unit 1. Becoming a dentist
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Student’s life
- •Part II. Conversation
- •Case 1:
- •Case 2:
- •About myself
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part III. Reading
- •My future specialty. Dentistry active vocabulary of the text
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Part V. Writing
- •Writing a Dental Curriculum Vitae (cv)
- •Example. Profile.
- •Основные этапы аннотированного перевода:
- •Dental education in russia and abroad
- •Part VII. Grammar
- •(Иметь)
- •Present simple active
- •Past simple active
- •Future simple active
- •Имя существительное (noun)
- •Артикль
- •Неопределенный артикль (Indefinite Article)
- •Определенный артикль (Definite Article)
- •Нулевой артикль (Zero Article)
- •Имя прилагательное (adjective)
- •Степени сравнения прилагательных
- •2. Многосложные
- •3. Исключения
- •Числительное (the numeral)
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •1. Put the verb into a right form:
- •2. Fill in the correct article.
- •3. Fill in the correct form of the verb “to be”.
- •3. Fill in the correct form of the verb “have”.
- •4. Translate the following words and phrases:
- •Unit 2. Major organ systems
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Breathing and the respiratory system
- •Part II. Conversation
- •Case 2:
- •Case 1:
- •Dialogue
- •Part III. Reading
- •How the body works? active vocabulary of the text
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Body Systems Rap
- •Part V. Writing
- •Образец делового письма
- •Part VI. Translation
- •Blood and the heart
- •Part VII. Grammar
- •Наречие (adverb)
- •II. Правила правописания
- •V. У некоторых наречий есть степени сравнения
- •Местоимения (pronouns)
- •Предлоги (prepositions)
- •Prepositions
- •1. Предлоги времени (prepositions of time):
- •Устойчивые словосочетания с предлогами времени:
- •2. Предлоги места (prepositions of place)
- •3. Предлоги направления (movement prepositions)
- •Continuous tenses active (времена группы continuous)
- •Present continuous active (настоящее длительное время)
- •Утвердительная форма
- •Past continuous active (прошедшее длительное время)
- •Утвердительная форма
- •Future continuous active (будущее длительное время)
- •Утвердительное предложение
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form, Present Continuous or Present Simple.
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form, Past Continuous or Past Simple.
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •Unit 3. Human teeth
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Part II. Conversation
- •Case 2:
- •Case 1:
- •Dialogue
- •Part III. Reading
- •Exercise 9: Study Active Vocabulary of the text “Tooth Infection Signs And Symptoms” and read it: active vocabulary of the text
- •Tooth infection signs and symptoms
- •What type of dentist do I need?
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Exercise 12: Listen to the “Learn About the Teeth”
- •Part V. Writing
- •Part VI. Translation
- •Фирменные названия (brandnames / trademarks)
- •Branded and generic medicines
- •2. What is the main idea of the text?
- •Part VII. Grammar perfect active
- •The present perfect tense
- •Слова-спутники:
- •The past perfect tense
- •The future perfect tense
- •Способы словообразования в английском языке
- •Modal verbs
- •В группу модальных глаголов входят:
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •Unit 4. Dental care
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Label the Teeth
- •Types of dental fillings
- •Mercury-free dentistry
- •Part II. Conversation Useful phrases: Reservation. Conference.
- •Case 1:
- •Case 2:
- •Dialogue arrange a conference
- •Conference requirements
- •Part III. Reading
- •Basics of oral health active vocabulary of the text
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Black teeth
- •Part V. Writing
- •A contract
- •Four Common Types of Business contracts.
- •Never work without a business contract!
- •Contract of employment
- •Part VI. Translation Многозначность лексики, полисемия
- •Are bad teeth hereditary?
- •Part VII. Grammar
- •The passive voice
- •Types of questions
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •1. Transform the following sentences into Passive Voice.
- •2. Correct mistakes
- •3. Continue following sentences and translate them:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Fill in this Contract my english learning contract
- •Appendix Unit 1. Becoming a Dentist text 1. What's a typical workday like for a dentist?
- •Text 2. Top 9 dental problems
- •1. Bad Breath
- •2. Tooth Decay
- •Unit 2. Major Organ Systems text 1. Human digestive system
- •Text 2. Integumentary system organs
- •Integumentary System Functions
- •Unit 3. Human Teeth text 1. What is oral hygiene
- •The Risks of Poor Oral Hygiene
- •How Important is Good Oral Hygiene
- •Oral Hygiene Methods
- •Tooth Brushing
- •Teeth Flossing
- •Other Interdental Cleaning Tools
- •Mouthwash
- •Text 2. Antibiotics and gum disease
- •How antimicrobial treatment of gum disease works?
- •Types of antimicrobial treatment for gum disease
- •Antibacterial toothpaste
- •Periostat (Doxycycline)
- •Follow-up on antibiotic treatments of gum disease
- •Risks of antibiotic treatments of gum disease
- •Unit 4. Dental Care text 1. How to become a dental hygienist
- •Text 2. Mini dental implants vs. Traditional dental implants
- •Dentistry english
Part VI. Translation
Exercise 14: Before translation make a back-ground analysis: generic medicines, brand-name medicines.
Фирменные названия (brandnames / trademarks)
При переводе фирменных названий и сходных с ними имен собственных решающими являются два обстоятельства: первое – насколько важным для содержания является сохранение в тексте этого фирменного название, и второе – известно оно или нет носителям ПЯ (переводящего языка, языка перевода)
Фирменные названия приборов, машин, изделий и материалов следует транслитерировать и заключать в кавычки, причем первое слово названия следует писать с прописной буквы;
Наименования иностранных учреждений обычно переводятся на русский язык с использованием эквивалентных наименований на русском языке. Первое слово и имена собственные пишутся с прописной буквы. В наименованиях важнейших международных организаций все слова пишутся с прописной буквы;
Названия торговых марок при переводе с английского на русский язык, в основном, не переводятся, а транслитерируются;
Exercise 15: Translate the text:
Branded and generic medicines
1. When a doctor is writing a prescription a consumer is buying an over-the-counter medicine, they may have a choice between a branded medicine and the generic version of that medicine. Generic medicines are sometimes cheaper than brand-name medicines, but the active ingredient (the ingredient that produces the therapeutic effect of the medicine) is the same in both. Once the license has been granted by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), the pharmaceutical company can then market the generic medicine under a brand name. The MHRA is a government body responsible for ensuring that all medicines that reach the UK market meet appropriate standards of safety, quality and efficacy. The company then has exclusive rights to market the medicine for the licensed uses for a certain period of time, usually about 10 to 12 years. This is known as a patent, and allows the drug company to recoup the costs of research and development of the new medicine, before other drug companies are allowed to produce it as well. Other drug companies are likely to be able to produce and sell the medicine at a cheaper rate, because the research and development has already been done.
2. Medicines also contain inactive ingredients, which are used to formulate the active ingredient into a tablet, liquid, cream or other preparation. These inactive ingredients are called excipients, and different manufacturers do not always use the same ones when formulating their product. This is why medicines containing the same active ingredient, but made by different manufacturers, may vary in appearance. The excipients used may create small differences between them, such as in colour, or the amount of time it takes for a tablet to dissolve in the gut and be absorbed into the bloodstream, but these differences are rarely significant, which is why generic and branded medicines are (with a few exceptions) interchangeable.
3. All high-street pharmacists are obliged by law to dispense whatever the doctor has written on the prescription. If your doctor has prescribed a medicine by its brand name, your pharmacist must dispense that brand. However, if a medicine has been prescribed by its generic name, your pharmacist can dispense whatever version of the medicine they have available, because each version will have the same therapeutic effect, regardless of whether one manufacturer makes the tablets a different shape or colour.
4. There are a few exceptions to this. There are a handful of medicines that your doctor must prescribe by the brand name because the inactive ingredients do affect the action of the medicine. These include:
modified-release theophylline for asthma, eg Nuelin SA, Slo-phyllin
modified-release nifedipine for angina and high blood pressure, eg Adalat retard, Coracten XL
lithium, which is a mood stabiliser for manic depression, eg Camcolit, Liskonum, Priadel
5. When you buy medicines without a prescription to treat minor ailments you can usually be sure that generic or own-brand medicines will be cheaper than their branded equivalents. As long as both medicines contain exactly the same active ingredients at the same strength (always check the packaging), the generic or own-brand medicine will ultimately have exactly the same effect as the branded one and thus could save you money. If you have any questions about buying branded or generic medicines over-the-counter you should ask your pharmacist for advice.
Exercise 16: Work with the group: Read the text once again and find out if the information
a) True
b) False
c) The text doesn’t consist of any information:
№ п\п |
Statement |
Answer |
1 |
The generic name is the official medical name for the active ingredient of the medicine. |
|
2 |
Generic medicines are sometimes more expensive than brand-name medicines |
|
3 |
Medicines also contain inactive ingredients, which are used to formulate the active ingredient into a tablet, liquid, cream or other preparation. |
|
4 |
The company then has exclusive rights to market the medicine for the licensed uses for a certain period of time, usually about 12 to 14 years. |
|
5 |
Drug companies have the right to manufacture and market the generic drug, but they must market it under a different brand name, or under its generic name. |
|
6 |
Inactive ingredients are called excipients |
|
7 |
The generic or own-brand medicines is cheaper than their branded equivalents |
|
8 |
The generic or own-brand medicine will ultimately have exactly the same effect as the branded one |
|
Exercise 17: Read the text once again and point out the abstract number of the following sentences:
1. MHRA approves the drug and gives it a license.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
2. If your doctor has prescribed a medicine by its brand name, and pharmacist must dispense that brand.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
3. The generic or own-brand medicines are cheaper than the branded equivalents.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
Exercise 18: Answer the questions:
What is Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency responsible for?
a) The cost of medicines
b) Safety, quality and efficacy
c) Produce the medicines