Questions

1. What towns are included in Caucasian Mineral Waters? 2. What sights do you know in these towns? 3. What can you say about: a) Essentuki, b) Zheleznovodsk c) Kislovodsk.

II. Our native town. Pyatigorsk

Pre-text exercises

Ex. 1. Practise reading the following words:

Mineral [minrəl], eagle [i:gl], bronze [bronz], effigy [efidзi], writhing [raiðiŋ], claw [klo:], heir [εə], surreptitiously [sΛrəp`tiſəli], perch [pə:tſ], quaff [kwof], inevitable [in`evitəbl], classicism [klæsizəm], harp [ha:p], orthogonal [o: θogənl], layout [leiaut], therapeutic [θerə`pju:ti:k].

Ex. 2. Check up if you read all these words correctly:

Effigy, writhing, quaffed, bronze, mineral, therapeutic, eagle, claw, inevitable, orthogonal, layout, heir, classicism, surreptitiously, doline, vocational.

Ex. 3. read and memorize all the word-groups:

1. mineral spring минеральный источник

The Stavropol region is famous for …

The underground wealth supplies 50 different … of 5 different types

2. Spa resort курорт

Pyatigorsk is one of the oldest … in Russia

… is very popular in the North Caucasus

3. medical mud лечебные грязи

… taken from Lake Tambukan.

…. Is used for treatment the people.

4. vocational school профессиональные (ремесленные) училища

There are pharmaceutical academy, Linguistic University and some … in Pyatigorsk

Much students study in ….

After finishing the … you may enter in the University.

5. balneal establishment бальнеологическое учреждение

On the south slope of Mount Mashuk is located … .

Famous … are situated in resort area in Pyatigorsk, Essentuki and Kislovodsk.

6. medical resources лечебные ресурсы.

The health resort provides unique …

… is very important to save in our country.

7. therapeutic mud лечебная грязь

… is used for treatment some diseases.

Pyatigorsk is famous for its … .

8. resort area курортная зона

the health … is situated on the picturesque slopes of the Mount Mashuk.

All sanatoriums is located in the … .

Ex. 4. Active vocabulary of the text.

1. surreptitiously тайно

2. perch on садится на что-либо

3. grotto [grotəu] грот

4. slope [sleup] склон

5. spur [spə:] вершина, уступ

6. microdistrict [maikrodistrikt] микрорайон

7. noteworthy [nəutwə:ði] достопримечательный

8. sanatorium [sænə`to:riəm] санаторий

9. editorial [ədi`to:riəl] редакция

10. locate [ləu`keit] местонахождение, находиться

11. research Institute научно-исследовательский институт

12. moderate [modərət] умеренный

13. crag скала, утес

14. inevitable неизбежный

15. quaff пить большими глотками

16. doline карстовая расщелина

17. hence отсюда, так

18. Moorish [muəriſ] мавританский

19. rotunda [rəu`tΛndə] главный зал, круглая постройка с куполом

20. Restoration лечебница (здания)

Ex. 5. Suggest the Russian for:

hot mineral springs; bronze eagle; writhing snake; perched on; curative springs; moderate climate; agricultural equipment; industrial enterprises; residential and public buildings; significant events; training school, trades school; southern slope; therapeutic mud bath; resort area, student’s hostels.

Ex. 6. Give the English equivalents of:

умеренный климат, лечебные источники, бальнеологические учреждения, лечебная грязь, общественные и административные здания, теплые минеральные источники, курорт, смертельный укус, располагаться, в стиле классицизма, курортное лечение, изображение орла, значительные события, поток, извивающая змея, студенческий городок.

Ex. 7. Read and translate the following text:

TEXT C PYATIGORSK

Pyatigorsk is a small town hidden in the Northern Caucasus Mountains. Pyatigorsk is located in the South of Stavropol region in the middle of the Caucasian Mineral Waters area. The name of town means “Five Mountain Town”, the local dialect hence Pyatigorsk.

Low-lying Mountain Goryachaya (the Hot) is one of Pyatigorsk’s many natural wonders that owe their origin to the local hot mineral springs. From its top the bronze effigy of an eagle clutching a writhing snake in its claws looks out at the town. This artistic representation symbolizes the struggle against the ills. As a poetic legend goes, one day a snake surreptitiously crept up to the eagle, the lord of the skies, as it perched on a mountain crag, and delivered what would have been a mortal bite; had not the wise bird quaffed the healing waters of a local spring and bathed its wound in their effluence. Saved from an otherwise inevitable death, the eagle, cast in bronze, is today the proud emblem of Pyatigorsk.

Pyatigorsk is one of the oldest spa resorts in Russia. The city was founded at the foot of Mountain Mashuk in 1780. The health resort provides unique medical resources and its underground wealth supplies 50 different mineral springs of 5 different types. One of the most effective spas of Russia, it has been developed on the basis of the local curative springs, medical mud taken from Lake Tambukan located 10 kilometres from Pyatigorsk, and the moderate climate of the area. The climate of the region is mainly continental. Average winter temperature is about -4 C, and average summer temperature is 20-25 C. Winters are usually mild, while summers are hot and sunny.

Pyatigorsk is the city of electronical industry, shops for the repair of agricultural equipment, and factories that produce food, clothing, footwear, and other items for resort visitors.

The planning structure of Pyatigorsk is divided into the lower - western part with residential building-up, industrial enterprises, public and administrative buildings; and the upper - eastern part, at the western bottom and on the southern slope of Mount Mashuk, with resort and balneal establishments. The resort area was built up in the 1820-1830-s in the style of classicism, mainly by the architects Giovanni and Giuseppe Bernardacci: the building of Restoration with mighty Ionic portico (1826), a rotunda pavilion Eolova Arfa (Aeolian Harp) on the spur of Mount Mashuk (1831); Diana’s Grotto with Dorian columns (1830-1831). In the same part of Pyatigorsk, there is a wooden Mikhailov gallery in the Moorish style built by the architect S. Upton (1846-1848) : stony Academicheskaya gallery in the style of the late classicism (1848-1851), as well Tsvetnic, buildings of the Pushkin, the Pirogov baths, the theatre. The lower part of the city preserved its orthogonal layout of the 1820-s, residential and public buildings of the middle of the 19^th-20^th centuries, including the monumental building of the therapeutic mud bath (neo-classicism, 1910). Modern residential microdistricts are erected in the northern (Belaya Romashka), the north-west (at Mount Post), the western (Skachki) parts of the city. The resort area is noteworthy for buildings of sanatoriums Leninskiye Skaly (1965), Tarkhany (1975).

The southern slope of Mashuk has 20-metres deep doline called Proval, at the bottom of which there is a small lake.

Pyatigorsk is a historical town. It has been named the one of 116 historical towns of the Russian Federation. The history of Pyatigorsk is rich with bright, significant events, and now it is the cultural center of Stavropol Region: the local newspaper editorial office is located here, as is the regional TV studio, the regional light opera house, the regional museum, Lermontov’s museum house, a few cinema houses and many libraries. The scientific research Institute of Physiotherapy and Spa Treatment is also located in Pyatigorsk. There are Pharmaceutical Academy, the Pyatigorsk State Linguistic University, the Polytechnical University and three vocational schools: a medical school, an agricultural training school and a trade school. There are 29 secondary schools and a professional technical school with a training center for 21 professions.

Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary exercises.

Ex. 1. complete the following sentences:

1. The eagle today is the … of Pyatigorsk. 2. Pyatigorsk is a small town hidden in ... 3. The name of town means … the local dialect hence Pyatigorsk. 4. The health resort provides … and its underground wealth supplies 50 different … of 5 different types. 5. Pyatigorsk is the city of electronical industry, … and other items for resort visitors. 6. The lower part of the city preserved … of the 1820-s, residential and … of the middle of the 19^th-20^th centuries, including … of the therapeutic mud bath (neo-classicism, 1910). 7. Modern residential … in the northern …, the north-west …, the western … parts of the city . 8. … for buildings of sanatoriums Leninskiye Skaly, Tarkhany. 9. There are 29 … and a professional … with a training center for 21 professions. 10. … is about -4 C, and … is 20-25 C. winters are usually mild, while summers are … . 11. From its top the bronze effigy of an … in its claws looks out at the town.

Ex. 2. Express the following in English:

1. На местном диалекте название города означает «пять гор», отсюда название Пятигорск. 2. Пятигорск один из старейших курортов в России. 3. Город был основан у подножия горы Машук в 1780 году. 4. Лечебную грязь, добывают из озера Тамбукан. 5. Климат края –умеренный, средняя температура зимой достигает -4˚С, а летом около 20˚С. 6. Курортная зона была основана в 1820-1830 годах в стиле классицизма. Архитекторы – основатели были Джованни и Джузеппе Бернардацци. 7. В этой части города Пятигорска находится галерея Михайлова, построенная в Мавританском стиле. 8. Каменная академическая галерея, Цветник, а также здания Пушкинской и Пироговской ванн построены в стиле позднего классицизма. 9. На южном склоне Машука находится 20 метровая карстовая расщелина, которая называется Провалом. 10. Пятигорск – это исторический город. 11. История Пятигорска богата яркими, знаменательными событиями и в настоящее время город является культурным центром ставропольского края. 12. В Пятигорске находится местная газетная редакция, телевидение, домик-музей Лермонтова и другие достопримечательности.

Ex. 3. Look through the text and discuss the following points:

1. The history of town Pyatigorsk. 2. The climate of our town. 3. The curative springs in their importance. 4. The legend about eagle and snake. 5. The microdistricts of Pyatigorsk. 6. Pyatigorsk is a historical town. 7. Pyatigorsk is a town of students.

Ex. 4. Answer the following questions:

1. Where is Pyatigorsk situated? 2. What is a legend of town Pyatigorsk? 3. From what is the name Pyatigorsk origin? 4. What is Pyatigorsk famous for? 5. What is the climate in Caucasus Mineral Waters? 6. What are the microdistricts in Pyatigorsk? 7. Is Pyatigorsk students’ hostels? Prove that. 8. When was the city founded? 9. What is located on southern slope of Mount Mashuk? 10. What is the resort area famous for? 11. What higher educational establishments are situated in Pyatigorsk? 12. What kinds of research institutes is located in Pyatigorsk?