I. Answer the questions:

1. What is annual plan control?

2. What are the tools to monitor plan performance?

3. What does market-share analysis show?

4. What does expense-to-sales analysis show?

II. Translate the text into Russian: Marketing Methods

Before selling the goods you must do a lot of market research first. The information you are interested in is if there is any demand for your goods, what the market potential is, what sort of competition you will meet, i.e. how the price of your goods compares with other competitive products including those produces locally, local conditions and prefer­ences, local trading customs and habits, what seasonal factors should be taken into account and the like.

But in general marketing covers not only market research, but also planning the selection (assortment) of goods, and consequently the production itself, price policy, advertising and promotion of sales, con­trolling the sales, and post-sales servicing.

So marketing is a system of running all the business activities of a company in respect of coordinating supply and demand for the goods produced. Originally marketing was meant to help avoid overproduc­tion in industrially advanced countries. Marketing enables to coordi­nate production and goods circulation (consumption of goods) for the purpose of using all the resources for the benefit of people and for cov­ering in the best possible way all their needs (requirements).

III. Speak about:

1. Marketing as the wide range of activities.

2. Developing a marketing concept.

3. Target marketing.

UNIT 8. INTERNET AND E-BUSINESS

WORDS TO REMEMBER

to dial	набирать код
website	узел глобальной сети (всемирной паутины), узел WWW (любой компьютер в сети 1пtеrnet:, обслуживаемый сервером глобальной сети)
web сокр. от WWW	всемирная паути­на (собрание гипертекстовых и иных документов, доступных по всему миру через сеть Internet)
Department of Defense	Министерство обороны
to withstand	выдержать, противостоять
site	сайт (любой адрес в Интернете, где хранится информация)
network communication	передача информации в глобальной сети
freeway	автострада, многопутная дорога (амер.)
superhighway	автострада высшего класса (амер.)
Internet Service Providers	провайдер (компания, предоставляющая доступ удаленным пользователям к Интернету по коммутируемым или выделен­ным линиям)
software programme	компьютерные программы
browser	браузер (программа навигации и просмотра в Интернете)
domain name	имя домена
host	хост (сетевой узел, использующий протоколы ТСР/1Р)
host address	ведущий адрес (адрес, присвоенный главному сетевому узлу)
scale	масштаб, размер
subnet	подсеть
query	запрос
server	сервер
mailer	почтальон (программа доставки электронной почты адресату)
email software	программа для электронной почты
remote	удаленный
virtual circuit	виртуальная цепь, виртуальный канал (последовательность логических соединений между передающим и принимающим компьютером)
down	неработающий; нефункционирующий (о компьютере)
undeliverable message	недоставленное сообщение

TEXT A

THE ORIGINS OF THE INTERNET

Internet is being used now to gather information, to shop or just for entertainment. You're probably familiar with the process of dialing in and moving from website to website. But do you really understand how you're doing what you're doing as you move from web location to web location? How did Internet get started?

The Internet began in the late 1960s as an experiment by the U.S. Department of Defense to see if a non-centralized network could be built to withstand the destruction of one or more of its parts. Unlike previous networks, this new network did not have a single central point. Instead, all sites on the network were interconnected.

Out of this network came a protocol for linking computers together. A protocol is a set of standards for how network communication takes place. The protocol is called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). This protocol is the standard that makes it possible for different computers all over the globe to talk to each other. The TCP/IP protocol is the foundation of the Internet.

At first, the Internet was used solely by the US government, but soon universities and other institutions connected themselves to the Internet to communicate with one another and collaborate on projects. The Internet grew to connect hundreds of different sites all across the world. Each organization on the Internet was responsible for maintaining its part of the network, so the Internet was not owned or controlled by any one organization.

Today, the Internet connects up to 40 million people around the globe and is growing by as much as 10% per month.