- •Unit I
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Passive structures and their message
- •Ambiguous Ved forms
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Study and research
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate Text 1 about scientific research in Supplementary reading. Pick up words and expressions which can be of use for you.
- •II. Рассмотрим перевод некоторых грамматических конструкций, содержащих ing-формы.
- •Pure and applied science
- •Automation in the research process
- •Ambiguous combinations of Ving and n
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Experimental work
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2 Translate into English.
- •V3. Read and translate Text 2 about empirical research in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •The infinitive
- •Инфинитивные обороты
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Showing and proving
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate the words in brackets. Then translate the sentences into Russian:
- •V3. Translate into English:
- •V4. Read and translate Text 3 about evaluation of research results in Supplementary reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V5 Write a piece of 5-7 sentences to characterize the process of evaluating the data that you have obtained in the course of your research. Use grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 4
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •Summary chart of modals and similar expressions
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Obtaining and analysing results
- •V1. Translate into English:
- •V2. Read and translate text 4 about analysis of research results in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Conditionals without if
- •Sentences with as if, as though
- •Object clauses with subjunctive
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Describing trends and tendencies
- •V1. There are a lot of verbs and nouns describing changes in size, number, price, value etc. Find the verbs that indicate an upward, downward or horizontal movement:
- •V2. Describe the rate and size of change observed:
- •V3. Complete the sentences with the prepositions: of, per, at, by, from…to.
- •V4. Translate into Russian:
- •V5. Read the example of a scatter graph description. Pick up words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V6. Write 5-7 sentences describing some trends in the field of your research. Unit 6
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Suffixes of the noun
- •The noun
- •2. Множественное число некоторых заимствованных из других языков существительных образуется по правилам этих языков:
- •3.Существительное в роли определителя: правило ряда
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate text 5 where fundamental science and experimental science are compared. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V4. Write an essay of 5-7 sentences comparing :
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Grammar слова-заместители
- •3) This, these:
- •Vocabulary
- •Emphasizing
- •Concluding
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2. Write an essay about your research work using all grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 8
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Prepositions and conjunctions
- •Наиболее употребительные составные предлоги:
- •Наиболее употребительные составные союзы
- •Cлова, на которые следует обратить особое внимание
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •V1. Translate the sentences
- •V2. Make up a story about a scientist using idioms and expressions with the word “time”. You might start as follows:
- •To make and to do
- •V3. Complete the sentences with to make or to do in the proper form. Then translate them into Russian.
- •V4. Translate the sentences
- •V5. Continue the story about the scientist but this time try to use the verbs “to make” and “to do”. Unit 9 word building
- •Complex sentence
- •Vocabulary learn to deduce the meaning of english words:
- •Supplementary reading
- •Research
- •Empirical research
- •Evaluation and improvement
- •Aspects of validation
- •Analysis of research results
- •The process of data analysis
- •1. Data cleaning
- •2. Initial data analysis
- •3. Main data analysis
- •Fundamental science and applied science compared
- •Supplementary information most widespread abbreviations
- •Linking words and phrases
- •Table of mathematical symbols
- •Main sources of information
Vocabulary
LEARN TO USE PROPER WORDS
Topic:
DISCUSSING AND CONCLUDING
Aims or purposes
Aim – what you want to achieve when you do smth. The main aim of the research is to find new… The main aims of the project are as follows. Our ultimate aim is to cure cancer. To achieve the aim: Team work is required to achieve these aims.
Purpose – the reason why you do smth, and the thing that you want to achieve when you do it.: The main purpose of education is to help people to lead satisfying and productive lives. The information will be used for research purposes.
Objective – the thing that someone is trying to achieve, especially in business or politics: The policy has three main objectives: first, to increase food production, secondly, to improve the distribution of food, and finally, to improve the diet of ordinary people.
Goal – smth that a person or organization hopes to achieve in the future, even though this may take a long time: The company’s long-term goal is to be the market leader in this type of technology.
Target – the exact result, often a number or an amount of smth that a person or organization intends to achieve: The University is expected to reach its target of 5000 students next September.
Intention – smth that you intend to do: The reader can never be 100% sure of the writer’s original intentions.
Mission – smth that a person or organization hopes to achieve, which they consider to be very important and form the basis of their activities: Our mission is to educate people about this disease.
The point – the purpose of doing smth and the reason why it is right or necessary: The point of this experiment is to show how different metals react with oxygen.
To set / to achieve an aim, an objective; a target. To meet a target.
Causes
To make smth happen / to cause /to lead to / to result in / to create / to bring about /to give rise to / to generate / to be responsible for / to set off / to trigger smth: Plants need light and heat to make them grow. High fat diets cause heart disease. Over-fishing has led to collapse in the numbers of tuna and cod in the Atlantic. Low levels of vitamin D can result in a softening of the bones. Science and technology often create more problems than they solve. How can we bring about a change in students’ attitudes to learning? Drinking unfiltered water can give rise to health problems. Brain storming is a useful technique to generate new ideas. These particles are responsible for making new protein molecules. The program set off a national debate about children’s school meals. Certain foods can trigger allergies.
To be caused by / to be the result of / to result from / to arise from / to stem from: Almost half of all accidents are caused by driving too fast. Greenhouse gases are the direct result of pollution from cars and factories. People are now much more aware of the dangers arising from asbestos dust. The present difficulties in the world economy stem from the recession and the collapse of the housing market.
The major / underlying / root/ fundamental cause: Polluted water is one of the major causes of some diseases.
The key / contributory / deciding factor: The research tried to identify the key factors affecting economic change.