Наиболее употребительные составные предлоги:

according to- согласноby virtue of- посредством

owning to – благодаря, из-за, вследствиеdue to– благодаря, из-за, в силу

thanks to- благодаря in addition to – кроме, в дополнение

instead of – вместо in spite of – несмотря на

because of– из-заwith respect to– по отношению к accordance with– в соответствии сon account of– по причине, из-за

in view of- ввиду

apart (aside) from- помимо, за исключением

by means of– посредством, при помощи

by no means– ни в коем случае

by all means– во что бы то ни стало; обязательно

G4. Translate the sentences.

A

1. We can also picture the transportation paths of wood materials by means of such a graph. 2. In spite of all efforts the efficiency of heat engines remains low. 3. The energy of sun is converted into electric energy by means of solar batteries. 4. We should by all means complete this work in time. 5. Aside from this suggestion, however, there is no other information available about these mechanisms. 6. In spite of the complexity of the structure, the theoretical results may be considered highly satisfactory. 7. In view of this fact I decided to place much greater emphasis on general principles. 8. This process cannot be described clearly by means of the model. 9. The problem will by all means be considered later.

B,C

1. According to the law of the conservation of energy, the useful work to be done by a machine is less than the total work performed by it. 2. In fact, on account of friction we always get less useful work out of a machine than we put into it. 3. Due to friction part of energy developed by mechanical devices is lost in the form of useless heat. 4. Owning to the rapidity of expansion the steam has no time to condense but remains in an unnatural dry or superheated state. 5. One should always remember that lines of force do not really exist and that they by no means indicate a structure of the medium. 6. In accordance with the first post-war five-year plan our damaged plants had to be reconstructed. 7. Motion means change of place or position with respect to the position of some other object that we assume as being at rest. 8. The high temperature research is an important problem of science. But it is by no means a new one. 9. In view of the great importance of this subject, a separate chapter will be devoted to it. 10. Apart from these implications, some experiments with interactive systems are noteworthy.

Наиболее употребительные составные союзы

both … and … - как… так и …

the… the… - чем… тем…

not only … but (also) … - не только… но (также) и …

either … or …- или…или…

neither … nor … - ни… ни…

(neither - ни один (из двух)

(either - любой (из двух)

G5. Translate the sentences.

A

1. The more trees are cut the more new ones have to be planted. 2. One hundred years ago there were neither electric lamps nor electric motors, telephone or radio. 3. In many cases heat plays an important role, either starting or accelerating a chemical reaction. 4. There is no doubt that both magnetic and electrostatic forces play a part in the formation of all molecules. 5. The more you read the more you learn. 6. The students made two experiments, they were both useful and interesting. 7. Both nuclear power and solar energy will be used in the future.

B, C

1. The total amount of energy in an isolated system is constant; energy can neither be created, nor destroyed although its form can be changed. 2. The more he thought about it the more ridiculous it became. 3. The higher we go up, the smaller and lighter are the grains of dust in the air. 4. Both momentum and impulse unlike energy and work are vector quantities. 5. No flow of water occurs unless there is a difference in pressure, and the greater the difference in pressure the greater the flow. 6. Neither of the engines will give the efficiency desired. 7. Either of the methods of producing electricity may be used under these conditions. 8. The faster the molecules in the substance move the higher is the temperature of the substance.