2. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:

1. rails are anchored perpendicular to railroad train

2. locomotive hauls a series of unpowered cars

3. locomotive can be powered by

4. a train can be powered by

5. modern high-speed rail is capable of speeds up to 350 km/h (220 mph)

6. making up the backbone of a city's public transport

7. product of transport is the transportation of the goods

8. large quantities of bulk are transported by .

3. Answer the questions:

1. What is railway or railroad?

2. What is rail transport?

3. What can locomotive be powered by?

4. What is the function of inter-city train?

5. What categories of transport do you know?

6. What is the most important role of modern railway transport?

4.Complete the sentences:

1. Rail transport is a means of transporting of passengers and goods …

2. The rails are anchored perpendicular to railroad train consists …

3. The only product of transport is the transportation of the goods…

4. Also, a train can be powered by ....

5. Regional and commuter trains feed cities from suburbs and surrounding areas …

Lesson 9

Text: Railways and Economic Growth

Read and translate the text

The railways did more than anything to increase economic activity and to make it more national and less local in character. The great rush of railway building had done much to boost the economy.

The development of the railways was a result of economic growth. It absorbed much of the capital investment of the period. It generated demand from different industries, and enabled goods to be transported more easily, more cheaply and on a larger distance.

One of the obvious beneficiaries of the railway revolution was the coal industry. Much industry in the nineteenth century was based on coal for heat and power .

Towns provided enormous concentrations of population , and expanded rapidly in the nineteenth century.

Railways allowed the movement of raw materials and markets for industry and enabled the development of industrial concentrations.

The railways increased the demand for key raw materials such as iron and steel and enabled them to be easily distributed around the country.

Railways enabled the gradual development of a national market: goods were produced and then distributed by rail around the country.

2. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:

1. to increase economic activity

2. to make it more national and less local in character

3. a result of economic growth

4. railway building had done much to boost the economy.

5. goods to be transported more easily, more cheaply and on a larger distance

6. railways allowed the movement of raw materials around the country

7. making up the backbone of a city's public transport

8. product of transport is the transportation of the goods

9. large quantities of bulk are transported by .