0 Finisher-аппретурщик finishing - отделка

finished material - обработанный материал

g) girder bridge - балочный мост girder iron - балочное железо girder system - система балок

179. Choose and put down the English terminological combinations corresponding to the given Russian ones.

supporting surface, suspended insulator, supporting structure, girder con­nection, finishing work, support screw, plaster work, wire nail, reflecting power, suspended bridge

Model, подвесной изолятор - suspended insulator

отражательная способность -

подпорный винт -

поддерживающая поверхность -

соединения балок —

висячий мост -

окончательная отделка -

проволочный гвоздь -

штукатурная работа —

опорная конструкция -

179. IVanslate the following combinations into Russian.

fibrous materials steel wire varying sizes

finish ceiling sound energy framing members

Read and translate the article.

Suspended plaster ceilings have been in use already for several de­cades. How are suspended ceilings characterized? Suspended ceiling is a finish ceiling. It is hung on wires from the structure above, some distance below the roof structure. It can hung level and flat.

As for girders, beams, joists, and slabs above, they can be of varying

sizes.

Suspended ceilings can be produced of almost any materials. Among them the most widely used are gypsum, board, plaster, and various boards made of fibers. Each of these materials is supported on its own system of small steel framing members. The framing members, in their turn, are hung from the structures on heavy and strong steel wires.

Suspended plaster ceilings are rather popular in modern construc­tions of different kinds. Ceilings produced of fibrous materials are classi­fied as acoustical ceilings. Their most useful property is high absorption of sound energy. As to plaster of gypsum board ceilings, they are highly re­flective of sound energy.

181. Form the questions and answer them in writing.

Model: of sound energy, which ceilings, highly reflective, arc

• Which ccilings are highly reflective of sound energy?

• Plaster of gypsum board ceilings arc highly reflective of sound energy.

I. a suspended plaster ceiling, is, what, hung, on

9

2. what materials, suspended ceilings, produced from, are

9

3. the sizes of girders, beams, joists, and slabs, can, what, be

9

4. is the main property, what, of acoustical ceilings

9

5. suspended ceilings, what materials, can, produced from, be

9

182. Answer the following questions.

1. Have you seen suspended ceilings?

2. Where did you sec them?

3. Did you like their view and ornamentation?

4. Do you want to have ceilings of this kind in your flat?

Installations placed above the ceiling

Master the key terms and head words.

conduit - канал, трубопровод damage — повреждение, авария duct - проход, канал,труба fixture — прибор, арматура fuel - топливо fume - пары, испарения waste — отходы, отбросы, остатки to maintain - содержать, поддер­живать to observe - наблюдать to be subject to ... - быть подле­жащим (чему-л.)...

183. Which of the Riven words are nouns? verbs?

observation, fix, waste, maintain, duct, observe, maintenance, wire, in­clude, space, amount, install, damage, require, renew

183. Read the terminological combinations. Translate them from Russian.

     1. maintenance costs - эксплуатационные расходы maintenance work — текущий ремонт

     2. waste iron - железный лом waste pipe - спускная труба

     3. pipeman-трубопроводчик pipe joint - стык труб

pipe laying - укладка труб

4. fixed beam - закрепленная балка fixed bearing - неподвижная опора fixed costs — твердые цены

5. fuel wood - древесное топливо fuel tank - бак для горючего

fuel engineering — технология топлива

183. Choose and put down the English terminological combinations (a) corresponding to the given Russian ones (b).

(a) fixed support, permanent observation, pipe support, fire protection, damaged membrane, pipe installation, pipe duct

Model: fire protection — защита от огня

a) b) неподвижная опора

поврежденная мембрана

трубодержатель

постоянное наблюдение

трубопровод

укладка труб

183. IVanslate the following combinations into Russian.

complex installations

waste piping

communications wiring

compressed air

considerable space

permanent observation

Read and translate the article.

Nowadays suspended ceilings have become a very popular and eco­nomical feature in many types of buildings. The most numerous among these buildings are office and laboratory structures. Many of them install and maintain complex mechanical and electrical installations above the ceiling. These installations include airconditioning ducts, water and waste piping, and electrical and communications wiring. They also include such services as fume ducting, vacuum piping, fuel gas lines, compressed air lines, water piping, and chemical waste piping. All these ducts and pipes occupy a considerable space in the buildings. In some of them they may be equal to the amount of their living space.

Ducts, pipes, and conduits can be placed in the space between the ceiling and the structure. Lighting fixtures, loudspeakers, and fire detec­tion devices may also be installed into the ceiling. Many such construc­tions can serve as membrane (Ire protection for the floor and roof struc­ture above.

Possible Change and Damage

It should be taken into account that any of these mechanical and electrical systems are rather complex. Naturally they are subject to fre­quent change and damage. That is why they require permanent observa­tion, maintenance, and repair. In order to guarantee their permanent ob­servation and repair, a suspended ceiling must be supplied with scaffolding possessing sufficient structural strength to support workers who install, maintain, and renew mechanical and electrical systems above the ceiling ofthe building.

183. Construct the questions in writing. Answer them.

Mocleh In. are, what pan of the ceiling, maintained, complex mechanical installations

• In what part of the ceiling are complex mcchanical installations maintained?

• They arc maintained above the ceiling.

I. include, these installations, what systems, do

_ 9

2. simple or complex, are, these mechanical and electrical systems

3. subject to, they, are frequent change and damage

4. why, possess, suspended ceilings, must, sufficient structural strength

5. what systems, workers, install, maintain, repair, and renew, do

7 - 6049

Control Yourself REVIEW OF UNITS 10-12

Choose the correct variant.

1. Devices intended for light framing are made of

   1. sheet metal.

   2. metal plate.

2. Devices made of metal plate are used

   1. for heavy timber.

   2. for light framing.

3. Wood fasteners include

   1. nails and bolts.

   2. nails, screws, bolts, anchors.

4. Steel used for nails

   1. is uncoated steel.

   2. is coated steel.

5. The main property of finish nails is

   1. that they have fiat heads.

   2. that they are headless.

6. Finish nails

   1. differ in length from common nails.

   2. are the same length as common nails.

7. Nails of a corrosion-resistant type

   1. cannot be exposed to moisture.

   2. can be exposed to rain, snow and fog.

8. Nails are popular for fastening wood since

   1. they are simple to insert.

   2. they require no predrilling of holes.

9. Screws have

   1. only fiat heads.

   2. round, flat, and raised heads.

10. Screws are

    1. little used in light framing.

    2. much used in light framing.

11. Screws

    1. cannot be reinserted.

    2. can be reinserted.

12. The roof serves

    1. for ornamental purposes.

    2. for protecting the interior of the building.

13. The pitched roofs

    1. do not dry themselves quickly of water.

    2. dry themselves quickly of water.

14. The covering of pitched roofs consists of

    1. small individual units.

    2. large heavy units.

15. The advantages of Hat roofs are

    1. that they can cover very broad buildings.

    2. that they can serve as balconies and decks.

16. Thatched rooting is mostly used

    1. for country buildings.

    2. for roofs in big cities.

    3. for historically restorated buildings.

17. The action of snow load and wind pressure

    1. is the same on flat roofs and pitched ones.

    2. is quite different on flat roofs and pitched ones.

18. The snow load on flat roofs

    1. is at the minimum.

    2. is at the maximum.

19. When the pitch ofthe roof increases

    1. the weight ofthe snow load decreases.

    2. the weight ofthe snow load increases.

20. In modern constructions the variants of the ceilings are

    1. limited.

    2. limitless.

21. Nowadays ceilings are produced of

    1. artificial materials.

    2. both natural and artificial materials.

22. Ceilings may be attached to

    1. wood joists.

    2. wood joists, steel joists, and wood rafters.

23. Suspended ceilings arc produced of

    1. various boards made of fibers.

    2. gypsum, board, plaster and boards made of fibers.

24. Mechanical and electrical systems

    1. can be subject to frequent change and damage.

    2. are never subject to frequent change and damage.

mat is the English for:

Укрепите груз! Заделайте яшик! Не стойте под грузом!

7*

CONTENTS (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ)

Unit Fourteen 112

WINDOW 112

Unit Fifteen 128

FLOOR 128

Control Yourself 132

REVIEW OF UNITS 13-15 132

Unit Two 30

EXCAVATION 30

Unit Three 42

FOUNDATION 42

Unit Five 40

WOOD 40

^^HrT -- ^i] T-- ^! ' J * 87

Control Yourself 89

REVIEW OF UNITS 4 7 89

Unit Nine 125

Control Yourself 138

REVIEW OF UNITS 8 9 138

Unit Eleven 92

Unit Twelve 116

CEILING 116

Unit Fourteen 112

WINDOW 112

Unit Fifteen 128

FLOOR 128

Control Yourself 132

REVIEW OF UNITS 13-15 132

Unit Two 30

EXCAVATION 30

Unit Three 42

FOUNDATION 42

Unit Five 40

WOOD 40

^^HrT -- ^i] T-- ^! ' J * 87

Control Yourself 89

REVIEW OF UNITS 4 7 89

Unit Nine 125

Control Yourself 138

REVIEW OF UNITS 8 9 138

Unit Eleven 92

Unit Twelve 116

CEILING 116

1 pioneer - новатор, зачинатель И*