Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

Модальные глаголы и их значения	Эквиваленты модальных глаголов	Present	Past	Future
can могу, умею	be able to мочь, быть в состоянии	can am is able to are	could was able to were	shall be able to will
must должен, обязан, нужно, необходимо	have to приходится, должен be to должен	must have to (has to) am (is, are) to	– had to was (were) to	– shall have to will
may могу, имею разрешение	be allowed to иметь разрешение	may am is allowed to are	might was allowed to were	shall be allowed to will

The students were unable to do the work without their teacher's help. He had to help them. This power station was to supply us with all necessary energy. He had to work much before he was able to finish his research. The atom is to serve mankind. You will have to show the translation to your teacher. Nobody was able to understand this phenomenon. As the student was late he was not allowed to enter the classroom.

to supply – снабжать; обеспечивать; to serve – служить; tonight – сегодня вечером

Переведите; предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов "to be", "to have".

Образец: Не is a student.

Он студент.

He is to study mathematics.

Он должен изучать математику.

They have much work.

У них много работы.

They have to work hard.

Они должны много работать.

1. Mathematics is of great importance for engineers. Every technical student is to study it for some years. 2. Atom is a great force. It is to serve mankind. 3. The students are not at the laboratory. They are to be at the laboratory at 6 o'clock. 4. I am busy tonight. I am to translate the article. 5. Physicists have a great many of very important problems. They have to solve them as quick as possible. 6. This substance has many important properties. He has to study all of them. 7. As I have much work to do, I have to go right away.

Перевод модальных глаголов в сочетании с «perfect infinitive»

должно быть must вероятно			Our engineer must have repaired this device. Наш инженер, должно быть, отремонтировал этот прибор.
may возможно			He may have returned home already. Он, возможно, уже возвратился домой.
		Perfect Infinitive (have + Participle II) have asked
could мог (ли) бы			They could have done it themselves. Они могли бы сделать это сами.
might мог (ли) бы			He might have come to the meeting that day. Он мог бы придти на собрание в тот день.
следовало бы should должен был бы			You should have helped him. Вам следовало бы помочь ему.

1. Originally the Earth's temperature must have been very high. 2. He may have finished his experiments, but we don't know about it yet. 3. You could have done this work yourself. 4. They should have tested the new equipment. 5. The student should have been careful while working with this instrument. Now the instrument is broken. 6. The instrument may have been improved, it became more accurate. 7. He must have waited for you at the University. 8. 'They may have bought tickets and gone to the theatre. 9. You should not have said it. It was a mistake. 10. You could have asked someone to help you. 11. He might have used a computer, but he didn't wish.

originally – вначале; test – npоверять, испытывать; careful – осторожный, to break (broke, broken) – ломать; improve – усовершенствовать; accurate – точный; to wait for – ожидать; to buy (bought) — покупать.

Выберите правильный вариант перевода:

1. He must have done it.

a) Он должен был сделать это.

б) Он, должно быть, сделал это.

в) Ему следует сделать это.

2. The student should have repeated the rule.

а) Студенту следует повторить это правило.

б) Студент мог бы повторить это правило.

в) Студенту следовало бы повторить это правило.

3. Не may have opened the window.

а) Он, вероятно, открыл окно.

б) Он мог бы открыть окно.

в) Ему следовало бы открыть окно.

4. I might have come here.

a) Я могла бы придти сюда.

б) Я должна была придти сюда.

в) Мне следовало бы придти сюда.

5. She could have done it.

а) Она могла бы сделать это.

б) Она, вероятно, сделала это.

в) Ей следовало бы сделать это.