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2. Chemical name generic name brand name

alpha-amino- ampicilline Amcill capsules

benzyl P Omnipen

Penbritin

Polycillin

Principen/N

Standards. While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the legal responsibility for deciding whether a drug may be distributed and sold, there are definite stan­dards for drugs set by an independent committee of physi­cians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, and manufactures. This committee is called the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Two important standards of the USP are that the drug must be clinically useful (useful for patients) and available in pure form (made by good manufacturing methods). If a drug has USP after his name, it has met with standards of the Pharmacopeia. A list of drugs is published by the USP every 5 years but not all drugs are listed in it. The National Formulary (NF) is a larger list of drugs which meet purity standards. The letters USP and NF after a drug indicate that the manufacturer claims his product conforms to USP or NF standards. It is up to the FDA to inspect and enforce the claims of drug manufactures.

Drugs may be classified according to a) their morpholo­gy; b) the taxonomy of the plants and animals from which they are obtained; c) their therapeutic applications; d) their chemical constituents. Each of these methods of classification has advantages and disadvantages.

3. Запитання до тексту

l. What are drugs? 2. What are drugs obtained from? 3. What are the examples of drugs obtained from animals? 4. Give the examples of laboratory-synthesized drugs. 5. What is the chemical name of a drug? 6. What is meant by the generic or official name of a drug? 7. What can you say about the brand or trade name of a drug? 8. How many different names can a drug have? 9. What organization has the legal responsibility for drugs? 10. What is the United States Pharmacopeia? 11. What are the two important standards of the USP? 12. When do we say that a drug has met with Pharmacopeia standards? 13. Can you describe the National Formulary? 14. What do the letters USP and NF after a drug indicate?

4. Доповніть речення інформацією з тексту a:

1. Drugs are chemical substances used ... . 2. Drugs are obtained from various parts of plants, such as ... . 3.Drugs can be made from chemical substances ... . 4. Drugs contained in food substances are ... . 5. The generic name is ... . 6. Most drugs have several ... because ... . 7. It is common practice to ... . 8. FDA has legal responsibility for ... . 9. Brand names have ... . 10. When a specific brand name is ordered on a prescription … . 11. A list of drugs is pub­lished ... . 12. Two important standards of the USP are ... . 13. It is up to the FDA to ... .

5. Дайте англійською мовою визначення таким по­няттям:

a) the generic (official) name; b) the brand (trade) name; c) the chemical name; d) the Food and Drug Administration; e) the United States Pharmacopeia; f) the National Formulary.

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