2. Remember the words given below.

increasingly	все больше и больше, все чаще
new management paradigm	новая парадигма управления
traditional enterprise boundaries	традиционные границы предприятия
joint ventures	совместные предприятия
strategic alliances	стратегические альянсы
lean manufacturing	убыточное производство
collaboration	сотрудничество
significant	важный, значительный

3. Find the synonyms:

end customers, successfully, organization, enterprise, outcome, global, result, clients, effectively, multinational.

4. Form the derivatives.

N --- Adj	V --- N
effect – effective success – tradition – nation – strategy – technology –	to collaborate – collaboration to coordinate – to indentify – to contribute – to organize – to consume –

5. Make up word-combinations:

product: package, end, export, final.

costs: transaction, information, communication, of sales, annual.

manufacturing: lean, agile, system, production.

management: supply, chain, paradigm, job, company.

6. Read and translate the following word-combinations and phrases:

a network of interconnected businesses, ultimate provision, to span, work-in-process inventory, finished goods, significant success factors, “Just-in-Time” practice, extended enterprise, global production network, virtual corporation.

7. Paraphrase the italicized words. You may use the following prompts: business, end, to span, finished, origin.

1. Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected enterprises involved in the ultimate provision of product final service packages required by end customers (Harland, 1996).

2. Supply Chain Management covers all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and ready-made goods from point of manufacturing to point of consumption (supply chain).

Reading

8. Read the text. Supply chain management

Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers (Harland, 1996). Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain).

A supply chain, as opposed to supply chain management, is a set of organizations directly linked by one or more of the upstream and downstream flows of products, services, finances, and information from a source to a customer. Managing a supply chain is 'supply chain management' (Mentzer et al., 2001). Organizations increasingly find that they must rely on effective supply chains, or networks, to successfully compete in the global market and networked economy. In Peter Drucker's (1998) new management paradigms, this concept of business relationships extends beyond traditional enterprise boundaries and seeks to organize entire business processes throughout a value chain of multiple companies. In the 21st century, changes in the business environment have contributed to the development of supply chain networks. First, as an outcome of globalization and the proliferation of multinational companies, joint ventures, strategic alliances and business partnerships, significant success factors were identified, complementing the earlier "Just-In-Time", "Lean Manufacturing" and "Agile Manufacturing" practices. Second, technological changes, particularly the dramatic fall in information communication costs, which are a significant component of transaction costs, have led to changes in coordination among the members of the supply chain network (Coase, 1998).

Many researchers have recognized these kinds of supply network structures as a new organization form, using terms such as "Keiretsu", "Extended Enterprise", "Virtual Corporation", "Global Production Network", and "Next Generation Manufacturing System". In general, such a structure can be defined as "a group of semi-independent organizations, each with their capabilities, which collaborate in ever-changing constellations to serve one or more markets in order to achieve some business goal specific to that collaboration" (Akkermans, 2001).