18. Replace the adverbial clauses of time by the Participle

Model: When you speak English, pay attention to the intonation.

(When) Speaking English, pay attention to the intonation.

1. Be careful when you cross a street. 2. When you leave the room, don't forget to switch off the light. 3. When you begin to work with the dictionary, don't forget my instructions. 4. When they were travelling in Central Africa, the explorers met many wild animals. 5. When you copy English texts, pay attention to the articles. 6. You must have much practice when you are learning to speak a foreign language.

19. Replace the adverbial clauses of time by the appropriate form of the Participle using the model

Model:

у видев seeing (тогда)

когда увидел having seen (раньше)

1. When I entered the room, I felt some change in the atmosphere at once. 2. When we had finally reached the river, we decided to stay there and wait for the others. 3. When I reached out in the darkness, I felt a stone wall where I expected to find the door. 4. When she opened the parcel, she saw a large box of pencils. 5. When they had finally opened the safe, they found that most of the papers had gone. 6. When she closed the suitcase, she put it on the bed. 7. When she had closed and locked the suitcase, she rang for the porter to come and take it downstairs. 8. When she had cut the bread, she started to make the coffee.

UNIT 3. GRAMMAR. NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB.

THE GERUND

1. FORMS OF THE GERUND

	Active	Passive
Gerund	shipping	being shipped
Perfect Gerund	having shipped	having been shipped

2. FUNCTIONS OF THE GERUND

Function	Usage	Example
1	2	3
Subject		Swimming is my favorite sport. My task is reading a book.
Part of the compound predicate	after the verb: to be; with prepositions: against, for; with the expressions: to be on the point of, to be far from; after the verbs: to stop, to finish, to continue, to go on, to keep, to begin, tо start, to like, to need, to prefer and others.	The director is for starting the talks at once. The negotiations are still far from being ended. Stop talking. He kept on asking her about the details. Your suggestion needs discussing. I prefer reading classical novels.
Object а) direct object b) prepositional object	after the verbs: to remember, to enjoy, to mind, to excuse, to be worth; after the verbs with prepositions: to depend on, to rely on, to object to, to blame ... for, to thank for, to be responsible for, to be fond of, to be tired of, to be afraid of, to look forward to, to feel like and others.	She suggested discussing this question. I don't mind going there. Не is fond of collecting old cars. I am afraid of making a mistake. I am tired of arguing with you.

1	2	3
Attribute	After the nouns with prepositions: way (of), opportunity(of), hope of, ехреrience (in), геаson (for), interest (in), importance of and others.	You have no reason for saying that. I understand the importance of learning English.
Adverbail Modifier а) of time b) of manner or attendant circumstances с)of purpose	with prepositions: after, before, on; with prepositions: by, without, instead of, besides, apart from; with the expressions: for the purpose of, with the object of, with a view to;	After returning home he resumed his work. She left the room without looking at me. The board was established for the purpose of improving the process.