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UNIT 5. LESSON 1

ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ Perfect Active have + Participle II (3-я форма гл.)

Действие произошло к определенному моменту времени в настоящем, прошлом или будущем (завершенность действия).

Present Perfect Active

- Действие произошло к настоящему моменту времени, но нас интересует его результат;

в незаконченный период времени: today, this year, this month, etc.; - обстоятельства времени: already, yet, not yet, just, lately/recently;

- утверждение:	I,we,you,they have asked.	He,she,it has asked.
- вопрос:	Have I,we,you,they asked?	Has he,she,it asked?
- отрицание:
	I,we,you,they have not asked.	He,she,it has not asked.

- переводится глаголом прошедшего времени совершенного вида.

Past Perfect Active

-Действие произошло к определенному моменту в прошлом;

-обстоятельства времени: yesterday by 3 o'clock, before I came;

-утверждение: I,we,you,they,he,she,it had asked.

-вопрос: Had I,we,you,they,he,she,it asked?

-отрицание: I,we,you,they,he,she,it had not asked.

-переводится глаголом прошедшего времени совершенного вида.

Future Perfect Active

-Действие произойдет к определенному моменту в будущем;

-обстоятельства времени: tomorrow by 3, before I come;

-утверждение: I,we,you,they,he,she,it will have asked.

-вопрос: Will I,we,you,they,he,she,it have asked?

-отрицание: I,we,you,they,he,she,it will not have asked.

-переводится глаголом будущего времени совершенного вида.

ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ Perfect Passive have + been + Participle II (3-я форма гл.)

Страдательный залог указывает на , что предмет или лицо, являющееся подлежащим, подвергается действию.

Ann has translated the article. - The article has been translated by Ann.

Present Perfect Passive

- утверждение:	I,we,you,they have been asked.	He,she,it has been asked.
- вопрос:	Have I,we,you,they been asked?	Has he,she,it been asked?
- отрицание:
	I,we,you,they have not been asked.	He,she,it has not been asked.

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Past Perfect Passive

-утверждение: I,we,you,they,he,she,it had been asked.

-вопрос: Had I,we,you,they,he,she,it been asked?

-отрицание: I,we,you,they,he,she,it had not been asked.

Future Perfect Passive

-утверждение: I,we,you,they,he,she,it will have been asked.

-вопрос: Will I,we,you,they,he,she,it have been asked?

-отрицание: I,we,you,they,he,she,it will not have been asked.

Exercise 1. Переведите предложения со сказуемым в Perfect Active.

1. He has just returned from the College. 2. She has seen her friend today. 3. I have never been to Paris. 4. She has already written her letter. 5. We have not had dinner yet. 6. He has just graduated from the University. 7. "Have they come back from Bonn?" – "No, they haven't". 8. I have been a student for two years now. 9. Mary has recently gone out for a walk. 10. We have been friends since we began to study at the University.

Exercise 2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Present Perfect / Past Indefinite.

1. I (to pass) my exam in English this week. 2. When you (to pass) your exam in physics? I (to pass) it yesterday. 3. They already (to complete) their experiments. The results are very interesting. 4. On April 12, 1961, mankind (to enter) the new era of mastering space. 5. This year the scientists (to launch) some new satellites. 6. The astronauts (to place) automatic devices on the Moon. 7. They already (to apply) this new method in their work.

Exercise 3. Вставьте Participle II.

1. I remembered that I had (to leave) the textbook on the table. 2. He said that he had never (to meet) such interesting people. 3. By the end of the year the workers had (to change) all the old motors. 4. I did not know that you had (to spend) three weeks at the seaside. 5. Before he entered the University he had (to go) to school.

Exercise 4. Составьте предложения, используя Future Perfect.

1. By the end of the year (they, graduate, from the College). 2. Before I come home (he, do, his homework). 3. By the time you return (Bob, make, his report). 4. Before you see me again (I, visit, our common friends). 5. Before I see you next time (you, be, to, Moscow). 6. By the next year (the workers, construct, this building).

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Exercise 5. Упорядочите форму сказуемого в скобках.

1. The speed of calculations (have, been, increased, will) by the end of the task. 2. The book (translated, has, been) into Russian this year. 3. The telegram (been, had, sent) before we got his letter. 4. We (have, been, will, instructed) by that time. 5. This new magazine (received, just, been, has).

Exercise 6. Поставьте глагол в нужном времени и залоге.

1. A number of modern houses (to build) in this district this year. 2. Recently he (to publish) an article in a scientific journal. 3. His article (to publish) recently in a journal. 4. The experiment (to finish) tomorrow. 5. The experiment (to finish) by tomorrow. 6. They (to use) only natural rubber before synthetic rubber was invented. 7. After synthetic rubber (to invent), people began to use it for a number of industrial purposes.

Exercise 7. Сравните предложения в Continuous - Perfect.

Active: 1. She is making an experiment now. She has just made the experiment. 2. She was making the experiment when we came. She had made the experiment before we came. 3. She will be making this experiment all the evening tomorrow. She will have made this experiment by the evening tomorrow.

Passive: 1. The house is being built in this street now. The house has already been built. 2. A new house was being built for 6 months or so. The house had been built by new methods by last summer. 3. ---. The house will have been built by the next year.

Exercise 8. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на залог.

1.I have told them about his coming today. I have been told about his coming today.

2.We have brought many books from the library. We have been brought many books from the library. 3. She has left her children at home. She has been left at home by her parents. 4. He had sent the equipment before the telegram came. He had been sent to Paris before the telegram came. 5. The development of electronics has greatly influenced the progress of science. The development of electronics has been greatly influenced by miniaturization. 6. The pupils have answered many questions. The pupils have been answered all the questions. 7. The students have left the laboratory. Some students have been left in the laboratory to finish the experiment.

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СУФФИКСЫ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ

основа сущ.+ -al = прил.: mathematics - mathematical (математический) educational, theoretical, practical, industrial, electrical, ideal, actual

основа сущ.+ -ic = прил.:	cube - cubic (кубический)
metallic, atomic, basic, microelectronic, hydraulic, historic, magnetic, economic
основа гл.+ -ive = прил.:	imitate - imitative (подражательный)

regulative, illustrative, passive, demonstrative, corrective, communicative, prospective

основа сущ. + -ous = прил.: monotony - monotonous (монотонный) nervous, ceremonious, harmonious, religious, glorious, curious

основа гл. + -ant/-ent = прил.: depend - dependent (зависимый) different, insistent, correspondent, assistant, significant

МНОГОЗНАЧНОСТЬ since, for, that, as that - что; то, что; который

as - так как, поскольку; как; когда, по мере того как; как, в качестве since - так как, поскольку; с тех пор как; с, со времени; с тех пор for - для; за; в течение; так как, ибо; для того чтобы

Exercise 9. Переведите предложения.

1. We know that there are different kinds of computers. 2. He tested the results that were obtained last week. 3. That he was an astronaut was known to everybody. 4. Since we know much about computers, we can use them properly. 5. He hasn't seen his parents since he moved to another town. 6. Two years passed since her graduating from the University. 7. They finished school last year and I haven't seen them since. 8. This is a book for you. 9. She didn't come yesterday for she was ill. 10. We can use computers properly for we know much about them. 11. As the task was very complex, they had to consult a specialist. 12. As we know, microelectronics is very important in the progress of science. 13. The speed of calculations changes as the capacity of a computer grows. 14. Work is defined as the product of force and distance.

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ГЛАСНЫЕ В БЕЗУДАРНОМ СЛОГЕ

a,o,u - [q] apply, control, convert, success, decimal, processor, accept, subtract

i,y - [I]	greatly, increase, widely, unit, improve, inertial
e - [q]	properly, movement, sequence, essence
\ [I]	relate, equation, record, restrict, necessary

Exercise 10. Прочтите правильно следующие слова:

difficult, faculty, develop, understand, instrument, laboratory, material, apparatus, universal, examination, consultation, college.

МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

	Единственное число					Множественное число
		личныепритяжат.		возврат.		личныепритяжат.			возврат.
I	me	my	mine	myself	we	us	our	ours	ourselves
you	you	your	yours	yourself	you	you	your	yours	yourselves
he	him	his	his	himself	they	them	their	theirs	themselves
she	her	her	hers	herself	общ.	объект.
it	it	its	its	itself	падеж
общ.	объект.

падеж

Exercise 11. Выберите правильную форму местоимения.

1. (We, us) are in the lab. 2. There are some students in (it, its). 3. There are tape recorders in front of (they, them, its). 4. Helen is a student. (She, her) is in (her, she) fourth year. 5. Next year (she, her) will get (her, she) diploma. 6. Nick is (our, we) monitor. 7. Now (he, him) is sitting behind (me, I). 8. (He, him) is (my, mine) friend. 9. (Our, us) students like (him, himself) very much. 10. I clean (my, mine) teeth and wash (my, myself) every day. 11. Programming is a science in (it, itself). 12. He is the best friend of (ourselves, ours).

Exercise 12. Вставьте пропущенное местоимение.

1. I washed ... face. 2. The dog eats ... meal. 3. He writes ... letter. 4. She has a cat. The cat is ... . 5. You are opening .... books. 6. She likes ... new dress. 7. I've been known Nick for a long time. He is an old friend of ... 8. We were told of ... mistakes. 9. He washed ... . 10. They knew ... marks for the dictation.