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UNIT 8. LESSON 1

ATTRIBUTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

(ОПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ)

Беспредложное существительное-определение стоит перед определяемым словом

и переводится справа налево:
machine work	какая?	какая?
работа машины	light velocity	скорость света

Левое существительное-определение можно переводить:

1)прилагательным: a newspaper article - газетная статья

2)существительным в косвенном падеже: wave length - длина волны the translation machine - машина для перевода

3)группой слов, раскрывающей смысл: world peace - мир во всем мире

4)существительным в именительном падеже: conference-hall - конференц-зал

ЦЕПОЧКА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЙ

Если в предложении перед опредеяемым существительным стоят два или более определений подряд, то перевод может быть:

1)последовательным слева направо: pure distilled fresh water

чистая дистиллированная свежая вода

2)последовательным справа налево:

car speed calculation problem

проблема вычисления скорости автомобиля 3) перекрестным:

new foreign policy principles

новые принципы внешней политики Цепочка существительных - главное слово всегда последнее, с него начинается перевод:

the land transport

наземный транспорт the land transport system

система наземного транспорта the land transport system improvement

улучшение системы наземного транспорта the land transport system improvement problem

проблема улучшения системы наземного транспорта

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Exercise 1.Переведите определение прилагательным или существительным:

a government delegation, a factory building, machine language, the laboratory instrument, production technology, the university laboratory, the student conference, an electron tube, metal part, the temperature scale.

Exercise 2. Переведите определение существительным:

an experiment program, the machine elements, communication service, air pressure, gas temperature, the education system, the crystal structure, the operation principle, the computer design, the test results.

Exercise 3. Сравните пары словосочетаний:

the bus stop - the city bus, the memory system - the system memory, the door glass - the glass door, the steel sheet - the sheet steel, the metal export - the export metal, the control process - the process control, the design system - the system design, an operation program - the program operation, a research institute - institute research, the calculation speed - the speed calculation.

Exercise 4. Переведите определения существительным в нужном падеже: measurement units, voltage changes, health threat, liberation movement, a return

visit, a friendship society, cost advantage, a garden window, television system, water level.

Exercise 5. Переведите словосочетания:

the traffic speed; the traffic speed increase; the railway bridge; the railway bridge reconstruction; the car speed calculation; the car speed calculation process; the high quality program; the high quality program design; the deep sea current measuring device; the temperature limit.

Exercise 6. Укажите, чем выражено определение:

cylinder wall; the English Channel coast; supersonic vertical take-off bomber; fourteen bird and animal stories and plays; wooden house advantages; automatic flight control equipment; essential research programmes; beginning college student; improved information flow; free school bus service; two-bed hotel room; life-long hobby; Electronic Research and Engineering Laboratory; the new orientation device; connecting line; advanced group; reading students; destroyed data; tested method; navigation instrument; current events; general plan; information theory; George Washington bus terminal station; travelling passenger; Manchester United versus Liverpool football match; National Oil Research Institute; federal highway office; class words and expressions; two-page story; the North Pole expedition; the New York City; greatest mineral resources; an interesting book to read.

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SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ)

Показывает, что говорящий рассматривает действие не как реальный факт, а как предполагаемое, желательное или нереальное. Употребляется:

1. В простых предложениях.

I should like to take this book. Я бы хотел взять эту книгу. Не would like to join us. Он бы хотел присоединиться к нам. Shе could do it tomorrow. Она смогла бы сделать это завтра. They would have helped you. Они бы помогли вам.

2. После безличных оборотов (cм. с.201).

It is desirable that he (should) be there. Желательно, чтобы он был здесь. 3. После глаголов волеизъявления (cм. с.201).

I wanted that the test (should) be done. Я хотел, чтобы тест был выполнен. 4. После глагола wish.

I wish he were with us. Мне жаль, что его нет с нами.

I wish you had brought your book. Мне жаль, что ты не принес свою книгу. I wish he would tell us everything. Я бы хотел, чтобы он нам все рассказал.

5.После союзов цели that, so that, in order that - так, чтобы; lest - чтобы не. He’ll go by car so that he (should) be in time. Он поедет, чтобы успеть. She went away lest they (should) see her. Она ушла, чтобы ее не увидели.

6.После союзов сравнения as if, as though (как будто, словно).

He felt as though he were insulted. Он чувствовал так, словно его обидели. She looked as though she might cry. Казалось, что она расплачется.

7. После союзных слов whoever (кто бы ни), whatever (что бы ни), however (как бы ни), wherever (где бы ни, куда бы ни), whenever (когда бы ни).

However tired he may be, he’ll help us. Как бы он ни устал, он поможет нам.

Exercise 7. Переведите предложения.

1. I should like to thank you for your help. 2. He would like to meet you. 3. You could have done it in a different way. 4. They might have forgotten about it. 5. It is important that everybody do the task. 6. It is necessary that he should attend the conference. 7. The engineer demanded that the test should be repeated. 8. The professor suggested that the students join the lecture. 9. I wish I had followed your advice. 10. I wish it were Sunday today. 11. I wish he would come tomorrow. 12. He talks as if he knew everything about the subject. 13. A sleeping dog behaves as though it were dreaming. 14. Speak louder so that everyone may hear you. 15. In order that they complete the task, we came to help them. 16. We’ll continue our work whatever may happen.

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	СУФФИКСЫ
суффиксы существительных:	-er/-or, -ist, -ian, -tion/-ion/-sion, -ment,
	-age, -ure, -ance/-ence, -(i)ty, -ics, -ness, -ism
суффиксы прилагательных:	-able/-ible, -ful, -less, -y, -al, -ic, -ive, -ous,-ant
суффиксы глаголов:	-ize, -ate, -(i)fy, -en
суффикс наречий:	-ly

Exercise 8. Определите часть речи и переведите:

computer, concentrate, concentration, corrosion, atmospheric, logically, collection, meter, metric, international, cubic, anodic, special, specialize, residence, primitive, heroic, heroism, distant, distantly, distance, systematic, systematize, figure, figuratively, decentralize, uncomfortable, protector, indicator, indicate, magnetic, electrification, electrify, electric, electrician, electricity, demonstrate, demonstration, demonstrator, demonstrative, demonstratively, electronics.

МНОГОЗНАЧНОСТЬ to be, to have

to be

1)‘быть, находиться’: He is at home now. Он находится...

2)глагол-связка: My friend is an engineer. Мой друг - инженер.

3)вспомогательный глагол в Continuous: He is working. Он работает. вспомогательный глагол в Passive: The letter is written. Письмо написано.

4)be+to - модальный глагол 'должен': He is to come. Он должен прийти.

to have

1)‘иметь, обладать’: We have a TV set. У нас есть телевизор.

2)вспомогательный глагол в Perfect: He has passed the test. Он уже сдал тест.

3)have to - модальный глагол 'должен': He has to come. Он должен прийти.

Exercise 9. Переведите предложения.

1. The students were in the laboratory. 2. They have a good motor-car. 3. The plant was far away from the city. 4. The students were left in the laboratory. 5. They have bought a good car. 6. The process was speedened. 7. The students were making experiments in the lab. 8. He had to buy a car as he worked far from his house. 9. He was travelling in the north. 10. The students were to come to the lab at 3 o'clock. 11. They have a good plan. 12. They had to test the engine twice. 13. He was to meet me after work. 14. They have already passed their exams.

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ЧТЕНИЕ СОГЛАСНЫХ c, s, g, j, x И УДВОЕННЫХ СОГЛАСНЫХ

c + e,i,y

+a,o,u,согласных, в конце слова

+перед i в суффиксах

s - в окончаниях после глухих согласных

-в окончаниях после звонких согласных, гласных, между гласными

-перед i в суффиксах

[s] [k] [S]

[s]

[z]

[S]

g + e,i,y	[dZ]
+ a,o,u,согласных	[g]

x- перед согласными (ударение на 1- [ks] м слоге)

-между гласными (ударение на 2-м [gz] слоге)

j - всегда	[dZ]
ll - как один звук	[l]

face, city, central, cycle, certain, curriculum, contain, call, canteen; chest, sorry, sight, folks, notes, eyes, lies, cards, computers, designs; gesture, giant, gym, generally, goal, guide, grill, game, gate; excite, extreme, exile, exactness, examine; July, justice; small, press, connect, correct; special, tension

ПРЕДЛОГИ ВРЕМЕНИ И ОТНОШЕНИЯ

in (в,через)	in March, in a week	on (в)	on Sunday, on May 7
during (во время)	during the lecture	since (с)	since 5 o'clock
before (до,перед)	before the lecture	for (в течение)	for a day
after (после)	after the lecture	until (до)	until June
between (между)	between 3 and 4 o'clock	at (в)	at 3 o'clock
from...till (от..до)	from 3 till 5	by (к)	by 7 o'clock

of - род.пад. (кого, чей):

to, for - дат.пад. (кому, чему): by, with - твор.пад. (кем, чем):

The book of the teacher. Give it to me. This is for him.

It's done by them with a computer.

Exercise 10. Вставьте нужный предлог.

1. The ground is covered ... snow ... January. 2. I haven't seen you ... July. 3. We'll be engineers ... five years. 4. We repeated grammar ... the lesson, wrote a test ... the lesson and had dinner ... it. 5. He'll come ... one and two o'clock ... Saturday. 6. I usually get up

... 7 o'clock and have breakfast ... 7.30 ... 8.00. 7. This book was written ... a wellknown writer. 8. I had done everything ... 5 o'clock yesterday. 9. She had been doing her homework ... an hour or so. 10. This is an old friend ... mine. 11. I'll come ... your place

... 8 o'clock and bring a good book ... you.