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UNIT 11. LESSON 2

Exercise 1. Прочитайте следующие слова:

society, educational, establishment, creative, inseparable, occur, invention, requirement, achievement, opportunity, exhibition, law, environment, arrange, majority, common, relation, probably, provide, prove, experience, sufficient, considerably, expand, success, exploration, estimation, durable, reliability, supply.

Exercise 2. Переведите предложения с герундием.

1. There are many ways of solving this problem. 2. Reading English technical magazines is important for an engineer. 3. The idea of creating a multi-stage rocket belongs to Tsiolkovsky. 4. He remembers having given the computer some instructions. 5. My friend succeeded in creating a new instrument for measuring purposes. 6. We used this method of studying new scientific data. 7. The scientists devote much attention to experimenting with this device. 8. The computer is busy with calculating the data. 9. He thought of using these data for constructing that device. 10. Processing various information is the main task of any computer.

Exercise 3. Переведите предложения с герундием-обстоятельством.

1. On coming into the lab he began making his experiment. 2. On returning home he began translating this text. 3. There could be no progress in science without experimenting. 4. By using these scientific principles we are able to develop this science. 5. After studying the theory we can begin experimenting. 6. Before reading this text you must get a good dictionary. 7. After feeding the data into the machine, he began processing them. 8. He finished solving the problem without saving the results. 9. In regulating the production process and controlling it the worker in the modern plant is to be skilled and cultured. 10. Upon being introduced in various branches of industry automatic control is especially important for the improvement of labour conditions.

Exercise 4. Переведите словосочетания с герундием.

In solving the problem; on solving the problem; by solving the problem; for solving the problem; without solving the problem; before solving the problem; in spite of solving the problem; the problem of solving the task; the task of getting good results; solving the problem is; getting good results gave us.

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Запомните следующие слова.

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

properly	['prOpqli]	надлежаще
substantially	[sqb'stxnSqli]	значительно
contribute	[kqn'tribjHt]	вносить вклад
productive	[prq'dAktIv]	производительный
sphere	[sfiq]	сфера деятельности
exceed	[Ik'sJd]	превосходить
excite	[Ik'sait]	вызывать интерес
discipline	['disIplIn]	предмет, дисциплина
hardware	['hRdweq]	аппаратное обеспечение
software	['sOftweq]	программное обеспечение
theory	['TiqrI]	теория
analysis	[q'nxlqsIs]	анализ
connection	[kq'nekSn]	соединение
term	[tWm]	термин
program	['prougrqm]	программа
instruction	[Ins'trAkSn]	команда, инструкция
procedure	[prq'sJdZq]	процедура
essence	['esqns]	сущность
piece	[pJs]	кусок
influence	['influqns]	влиять, влияние
actuate	['xktjueit]	активировать, побуждать
up-to-date	['Aptu'deit]	современный
equip	[I'kwip]	оборудовать, оснащать
conventional	[kqn'venSqnl]	традиционный, обычный
computerize	[kqm'pjHtqraiz]	работать с помощью ЭВМ
penetrate	['penItreit]	проникать
whole	[houl]	весь, целый
computerization	[kqm,pjHtqri'zeiSn]	компьютеризация
produce	[prq'djHs]	производить
consequence	['kOnsIkwqns]	последствие; значение

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Exercise 5. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова:

phase, contribute, productive, sphere, discipline, theory, metal, term, crystal, plastic, apparatus, computerize, computerization, actuate, generator, modify, modification, reflect, reflective, reflection, structure, architecture, solid, laser, radar, vacuum.

Прочитайте текст и переведите его со словарем.

11A. THE ROLE OF COMPUTERS IN AUTOMATION

Automation plays an important part in the great advances in technology. Automation properly coordinated with other phases of technology can substantially contribute to high productive efficiency.

Mechanization of production operations and their automation are one of the most important problems and what is being done in this sphere at present greatly exceeds what was done in the past.

Advanced automation is impossible without computers. Computer science is an exciting field of study and research. It is a broad discipline, covering logic design, hardware, software, the theory of computation, numerical analysis, programming and computer application.

The two main components that each computer is to have are hardware and software. These are the things without which a computer wouldn't have existed at all. Hardware is the units, devices, connections that build up a computer. We can use this term not only about computers but speaking of other different equipment and machinery.

Software is the programs, instructions and procedures that make the crystal-metal- plastic-and-what-not apparatus function as it does now. Software is computer's brains as it is. It's the computer essence, so to say. It would be dead without software, just a piece of metal and plastic.

Modern production has greatly been influenced by modern computers. Software programs are used to actuate different machine-tools and automatic equipment. The up- to-date machine-tool is normally equipped with conventional numerical control (NC) or computerized numerical control (CNC).

So, we may say that machine-tools are now not just a piece of metal. They begin 'thinking' as the computer technology penetrates deeper and deeper into the process of mechanization.

This whole process, by which machines can be used to work for us, is called automation. First, simple mechanization, then automation and now computerization have produced and are still producing important social consequences.

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Exercise 6. Прочитайте следующие слова:

substantially, mechanization, computerization, hardware, software, theory, analysis, coordinate, contribute, penetrate, discipline, actuate, consequence.

Exercise 7. Найдите в тексте английский эквивалент.

Внести вклад, значительно расширить, то что делается сейчас, то что было сделано в прошлом, вызывающая интерес область знаний, не существовало бы вовсе, которые составляют компьютер, использовать не только о, но и говоря о, и- из-чего-там-только-не-сделанную, как он есть, так сказать, всего лишь кусок металла, весь этот процесс.

Exercise 8. Закончите предложения.

1. Automation plays ... . 2. Automation contributes ... . 3. Advanced automation is impossible ... . 4. Computer science is a broad discipline, ... . 5. The two main components of a computer are ... . 6. Hardware is ... . 7. Software is ... . 8. Modern production has greatly been influenced ... . 9. The whole process ... . 10. ... have important social consequences.

Exercise 9. Переведите слова в скобках.

1. Automation is (соотнесена) with other phases of technology. 2. Computer science (охватывает) hardware, software, etc. 3. A computer consists of (аппаратуры) and software. 4. Hardware is the units and (соединения). 5. Software makes the hardware (функционировать). 6. Software is the computer's (сущность). 7. Software is used to actuate different (станки). 8. (Современные) machine-tools are equipped with CNC. 9. The computer technology (проникает) into the process of automation. 10. Machines are used to work (для нас).

Exercise 10. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the role of automation in technology? 2. What is one of the most important problems nowadays? 3. What does advanced automation need? 4. What are the fields of computer science? 5. What are the main components of any computer? 6. What is hardware? 7. What is software? 8. What are modern machine-tools equipped with? 9. What process is called automation? 10. What processes contribute to the development of the modern world?

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Exercise 11. Переведите следующие слова:

pre-historic, pre-revolutionary, post-revolutionary,post-graduate, interaction, interconnection, interchange, reconstruct, reappear, co-existence, coordination, expresident, ex-student.

Exercise 12. Переведите предложения с герундием.

1. On being coordinated with other phases of technology, automation contributes to high productive efficiency. 2. Using the term "hardware" is possible to any other equipment. 3. The process of introducing computers into production is becoming faster. 4. After equipping some machine-tools with computerized numerical control the engineers increased the productivity. 5. They invented a new method of actuating this machine-tool. 6. After studying the theory of computation he began experimenting with the software. 7. The programmer thought of inventing more complicated software. 8. On processing the data he began thinking of using the results in the further research. 9. The equipment for controlling the operation was designed last month. 10. There would be no progress in future without computerizing the production. 11. Early in the 20th century the process of mechanizing manufacture was the great advance in technology. 12. We heard of examining these physical forces without using computers. 13. He succeeded in developing a new apparatus. 14. He left the laboratory without attracting any attention. 15. Studying the logic design, numerical analysis and programming is very important for the control engineer.

Exercise 13. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на -ing.

1.It was an interesting article. 2. Everything is ready. 3. The building was very high.

4.I was translating this article the whole evening yesterday. 5. The computer is not just a thinking machine. 6. When being fed into the computer the information was automatically stored. 7. The mistake having been found, he made some corrections. 8. The automatic controls can perform the job without requiring humans. 9. Creating new microelectronic devices is necessary for the technical progress. 10. They were informed of having made a mistake. 11. He began correcting the instructions. 12. The method of processing the data was invented half a century ago. 13. I thought of experimenting with these devices. 14. The readings on the scale were very important. 15. Mechanization was also called labour saving.