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UNIT 14. LESSON 2

Exercise 1. Прочтите предложения с правильной интонацией.

Com'puters can per'form 'different ope'rations.
Every day | my friend and		I | study English | very hard.
Can computers	count?	This is a computer and that is a printer.
The computer is	digital.	I see a display, a keyboard and a	printer.
At five, he is very busy.		As a rule, digital computers	count.
It's a computer,	isn't it?	Do computers count or measure?

Exercise 2. Переведите предложения со сложным подлежащим.

1. The lecture was said to be interesting. 2. The device is reported to have been tested at the research laboratory. 3. The calculation is known to be completed tomorrow. 4. The computer proved to calculate at a very high speed. 5. They seemed to be carrying on an interesting work. 6. The device appeared to be useful. 7. These data are likely to be stored in the memory. 8. They are unlikely to have been processed. 9. Automation is sure to be applied at different plants. 10. The machine-tool is supposed to be used in metallurgy.

Exercise 3. Переведите предложения со сложным дополнением.

1. I suppose her to become an engineer. 2. The engineer expected the work to be done in time. 3. We thought him to have taken part in the experimental work. 4. Everybody knows him to be writing a new program. 5. We know his discoveries to have produced great changes in this field of science. 6. Did you want the instructions to be changed? 7. They supposed this test to be carried out next week. 8. Every engineer considers electronic devices to play a great part in industrial control. 9. We saw the computer calculate the equation. 10. The professor made us do this complicated assignment.

Exercise 4. Переведите сочетания с инфинитивом.

I want the students to read, we expect him to come, he is expected to come, he wants the article to be translated, we watched the machine-tool work, we consider him to be a good engineer, he is considered to be a brilliant engineer, the speed is likely to change, he is sure to solve the problem, the report was supposed to be interesting, the scientist wanted the assistant to help, the data were reported to be processed, the scientist was reported to discover, the engineer considered the installation to be provided, the new design is expected to be developed, the spaceship is assumed to be a complicated mechanism.

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Запомните следующие слова.

	ACTIVE VOCABULARY
mark	[ma:k]	отмечать
switch-over	['switSouvq]	переход, переключение
radical	['rxdIkql]	коренной
management	['mxnIdZmqnt]	управление
principle	['prinsqpl]	принцип
base	[beis]	основывать
discovery	[dIs'kAvqri]	открытие
give off	['giv 'Lf]	испускать
power	['pauq]	энергия
beam	[bJm]	луч
source	[sLs]	источник
stream	[strJm]	стремиться
phototube	['foutotjHb]	фотоэлемент
create	[krJ'eit]	создавать
electricity	[Ilek'trisItI]	электричество
cut off	['kAt 'Lf]	отрезать
break	[breik]	ломать
current	['kArqnt]	электрический ток
release	[rI'lJs]	освобождать
counter	['kauntq]	счетчик
inspect	[In'spekt]	осматривать, проверять
matter	['mxtq]	вещество, материя
conveyor	[kqn'veiq]	конвейер
proceed (from)	[prq'sJd]	начинать, направляться
continue	[kqn'tinjH]	продолжать
check	[tSek]	проверять
measure	['meZq]	измерять
standard	['stxndqd]	стандарт, образец
reject	[rI'dZekt]	браковать, отбрасывать
tolerance	['tolqrqns]	допуск

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Exercise 5. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова:

phototube, electricity, inspect, conveyor, standard, revolution, mark, radical, method, documentation, lecture, laboratory, assist, assistant, assistance, literature, recommend, central, centralize, identify, identification, manipulate, manipulator, manipulation.

Прочитайте текст и переведите его со словарем.

14A. THE ELECTRONIC EYE

Computers and automated production control systems are being widely used on an ever greater scale in industry. The present stage of development of the modern world is marked by the switch-over from the industrial revolution to radical changes in the methods of management.

A kind of automatic control is the electronic eye, which is often used to open and close doors. The principle of this mechanical control is based on discovery made by Herz in 1887. He found that certain kinds of metal give off electric power when a beam of light strikes them.

The door controlled by an electronic eye works like this. A source of light streams toward and strikes a phototube made of metal and glass. The light striking a phototube creates a constant source of electricity. When you walk through the beam of light, you cut it off from the mechanism and break the current.

By breaking the flow of electricity, you release a tiny switch connected with another electrical source, and another switch is tripped which swings the door open in front of you. All this happens in a fraction of a second.

Industry has many other uses for the electronic eye. The eye is the control for a mechanical counter. In soft-drink factories an electronic eye inspects bottles before they are packed in cases. If there is contaminating matter, like a speck of dirt, in the bottle the electronic eye sees it and a tripped switch dumps the bottle off the conveyer belt into a discard box.

Proceeding from the simple flyball governer to the electronic eye and automatic devices scientists continue to develop more and more complex automatic controls for even more complicated operations.

Automatic controls can operate many processes after the systems have been set up by human beings. An automatic machine for checking the lengths of steel tubes may be said to measure each piece by comparing it with a standard. It may reject all pieces outside given tolerances or it can represent in a code the length of each piece, within the limits of its accuracy.

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Exercise 6. Прочтите следующие слова:

power, beam, light, strike, source, stream, cut, break, current, flow, tiny, switch, swing, counter, case, speck, dirt, discard, length.

Exercise 7. Найдите в тексте английский эквивалент.

Впостоянно увеличивающемся масштабе, стадия отмечается, принцип

основывается, следующим образом, отрезать от, вы освобождаете, все происходит, перед упаковкой в ящики, сбрасывать с конвейера, начиная, установлены человеком, измеряет сравнением, вне пределов допуска, отмечена переходом.

Exercise 8. Расставьте предложения в нужном порядке.

1. You walk through the beam of light. 2. A stream of light strikes a phototube. 3. A tiny switch is connected with another electrical source. 4. The door opens in front of you. 5. A source of light streams toward a phototube made of metal and glass. 6. You cut the stream of light off from the phototube. 7. Another switch is tripped. 8. The current is broken. 9. The light striking a phototube creates a constant source of electricity. 10. A tiny switch is released.

Exercise 9. Закончите предложения.

1. Automated production control systems are being used in ... . 2. The present stage of development is marked by ... . 3. The electronic eye is applied to ... . 4. The principle of this control is based on ... . 5. The door is controlled by ... . 6. A tiny switch is connected with ... . 7. Another switch is tripped to ... . 8. Bottles are packed in ... . 9. The systems have been set up by ... . 10. An automatic machine for checking the length measures each piece by ... .

Exercise 10. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is an electronic eye? 2. Where is the electronic eye used? 3. What is the principle of this mechanical control? 4. When was this phenomenon discovered? 5. What are some industrial applications for the electronic eye? 6. What function does the electronic eye perform in soft-drink factories? 7. In what cases can automatic controls operate many processes? 8. What does an automatic machine for checking the length of steel tube do? 9. What does this automatic machine do if pieces are outside given tolerance? 10. How is the present stage of development of the modern world marked?

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Exercise 11. Прочитайте и переведите следующие сокращения:

etc.; i.e.; e.g.; vs; viz; via;	no.; fig.;	vice versa; A.D.; B.C.; a.m.; p.m.; m;
mm; cm; km; g; kg; in; sq in;	ft; lb; оC;	оF.

Exercise 12. Переведите предложения с инфинитивными оборотами.

1. The electronic eye is known to be a kind of automatic control. 2. Herz found certain kinds of metal to give off electric power when a beam of light strikes them. 3. We know the electronic eye to be used as the control for mechanical counter. 4. Scientists are supposed to develop more complex automatic controls. 5. The complexity of operation is considered to call for the complexity of automatic controls. 6. An automatic machine may be said to measure by comparing with a standard. 7. The specialists regard computers to be widely used on an ever greater scale in industry. 8. We heard the present stage of development be marked by the switch-over to radical changes in management. 9. They watched the bottles be packed in cases. 10. The tiny switch connected with another electric source is likely to be released. 11. The door is certain to be opened in front of you. 12. The electronic eye is likely to control a machine counter. 13. You make the current break by cutting the beam of light from the phototube. 14. We know a beam of light to strike a phototube. 15. The process seemed to happen in a fraction of a second.

Exercise 13. Переведите предложения с двойными союзами и наречиями.

1. Digital computers are not only rapid but also exact. 2. Both machine-tools and transfer-machines are widely used in industry. 3. You can choose either this method of production or that one. 4. You can feed both data and instructions into the computer's memory. 5. Automatic controls are applied both in industry and in research. 6. Neither modern computers, nor up-to-date machine-tools can completely take place of men. 7. Automatic controls are not only widely used but also opening new prospects of automation. 8. Analog computers are used to either simulate physical processes, or process the necessary data. 9. Either this scientist or any other skilled specialist must do this work. 10. Not only general-purpose but also special-purpose computers can perform useful functions. 11. You can use neither computer, nor any other electronic device to calculate this equation. 12. Electronic computers would substitute neither human brains, nor human feelings. 13. The device was too heavy to lift. 14. The computer was not powerful enough to perform this program. 15. Is it too easy or not simple enough to become a skilled specialist in control engineering?