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UNIT 12. LESSON 1

COMPLEX GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTION

(СЛОЖНЫЙ ГЕРУНДИАЛЬНЫЙ ОБОРОТ)

Сложный герундиальный оборот состоит из именной части(притяжательного местоимения или существительного в притяжательном или общем падеже) и герундия. Переводится придаточным предложением с союзами"что; чтобы; то...что; о том, что; для того, чтобы" и др. В придаточном предложении подлежащее - именная часть, а сказуемое - герундий.

имен.часть + герундий

His knowing English well helps him in his work.

То, что он знает английский хорошо, помогает ему в работе.

Функции герундиального оборота:

Сложное подлежащее: His being tired was noticed by everybody.

То, что он устал, заметили все.

Сложное дополнение: They knew of his having published the results.

Они знали о том, что он опубликовал результаты.

Сложное определение: There is a possibility of our making this experiment.

Есть возможность, что мы выполним этот опыт.

Сложное обстоятельство:

After his having invented the device the professor became known.

После того, как профессор изобрел прибор, он стал известен.

Exercise 1. Назовите предложения, содержащие сложный герундиальный оборот.

1. In spite of everyone being tired we decided to go on further. 2. Having taken new magazines I went home. 3. The problem couldn't be solved without necessary experiments being carried out. 4. I think of solving this problem in another way than you did. 5. This phenomenon results from a new element being formed. 6. His having visited my home was unpleasant. 7. After saying this he went away. 8. They were informed of the criminals having appeared in the city.

Exercise 2. Переведите предложения со сложным герундиальным оборотомподлежащим.

1. Your making many mistakes is unpardonable. 2. His being sent to London was unexpected. 3. Her sister's being taught by a famous scientist at the University will give good results. 4. Landau's being an outstanding scientist is known to all our students. 5. Their having passed physics well did not surprise us. 6. His having been interested in

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languages since his childhood helps him greatly. 7. The new results being obtained in our lab is of great importance. 8. Her refusing to help us was unusual.

Exercise 3. Переведите предложения со сложным герундиальным оборотомдополнением.

1. They were proud of his having taken part in cosmic flights. 2. We are interested in her using this method of calculations. 3. The teacher insisted on the student's going on with this exercise. 4. I was sure of my sister's having received my letter. 5. I remember your having objected to this schedule. 6. I know of his having been sent to Kiev. 7. What is the reason of his having left our city so suddenly? 8. We heard of the experiment having started last week.

Exercise 4. Переведите предложения сложным герундиальным оборотомопределением.

1. There is little hope of my coming home in time. 2. I like the idea of our group's going there in summer. 3. We discussed different methods of our students' studying English. 4. He had good hopes of my coming to his native town. 5. I was surprised at the news of his coming here. 6. The thought of my failing at the exam was terrible. 7. The way of their coming here was unknown. 8. He has a dream of his family's going to the seacoast in summer.

Exercise 5. Переведите предложения со сложным герундиальным оборотомобстоятельством.

1. After his having finished school his family moved to another town. 2. On my friend's coming home he began doing this work. 3. Before my leaving for Moscow I'll visit you. 4. In spite of their having worked hard the results of their test were poor. 5. Instead of his being sent to London they left him at home. 6. Owing to the results of the test being obtained in time, he could continue his research. 7. Besides his being a wellknown scientist he often wrote science fiction stories. 8. On my making the homework my sister tried to cook dinner.

Exercise 6. Переведите предложения и определите функцию оборота.

1. The possibility of chemical energy being transformed into electric energy is evident. 2. His being able to write good programs was taken into consideration. 3. There is no hope of our getting a letter from him soon. 4. On the lecturer's appearing in the hall the students greeted him. 5. I heard of her having been helped by the friends. 6. We are surprised of his work being criticized. 7. There is a possibility of your being asked at every English lesson. 8. His demonstrating this phenomenon made his name well known in the world. 9. We know of many experiments being carried out in this field.

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10. Have you heard of the new laboratory having been built in our University?

ПРИЧАСТИЕ и ГЕРУНДИЙ

Exercise 7. Переведите предложения и определите функцию причастия.

1. Studying these materials he found some interesting facts. 2. Having studied these materials we decided to use them in our work. 3. When studied these materials showed good electrical properties. 4. While studying these materials he came to a new idea. 5. The studied materials were given to our engineer. 6. The materials being studied now are of great importance. 7. We know that the scientist studying these materials is a good chemist. 8. The materials studied helped us in carrying out this work. 9. He was studying these materials all the evening yesterday. 10. The professor has been studying this problem for two years.

Exercise 8. Переведите предложения и определите функцию герундия.

1. Understanding English technical terms is important for an engineer. 2. It is no use speaking to her. 3. I remember attending his lecture on history. 4. He remembers having added some instructions to the program. 5. They finished installing the apparatus only on Saturday. 6. He began determining the properties of the new material. 7. After failing at the exam in January he had to take it again in February. 8. After graduating from the University he worked in the Far North. 9. At the meeting they discussed different ways of improving their work. 10. There are different ways of obtaining the substance.

Exercise 9. Определите часть речи: герундий или причастие.

1. Instead of restoring the old theatre they decided to build a new one in the centre of the town. 2. Using new possibilities they applied atomic energy. 3. It is possible to set up power stations based on utilizing the heat of the sun. 4. Creating a new software program my friend made some mistakes. 5. Before being sent up the balloon was filled with a special gas. 6. What apparatus do we use when measuring air pressure? 7. Science requires exploring new fields of knowledge. 8. Speaking English well a student can be very successful. 9. The problem of obtaining power was solved. 10. He left the room having said goodbye.

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СЛОВОСЛОЖЕНИЕ

сущ.+сущ.->сущ.

man (человек) + kind (род) = mankind (человечество)

сущ.+прил.->прил.

world (мир) + wide (широкий) = worldwide (всемирный)

прил.+сущ.->прил.

double (двойной) + pole (полюс) = double-pole (двухполюсный)

сущ.(прил.,нар.)+прич. II->прич. II

heat (тепло) + treated (обработанный) = heat-treated (термически обработанный)

Exercise 10. Переведите следующие слова:

dining-hall, sleeping-room, lecture-hall, bookshelf, schoolboy, notebook, classroom, homework; radio-operator, sunlight, sunburn, railway, businessman, pipeline, icebreaker, airplane;

fire-resistant, waterproof, soundproof, bright-coloured, low-powered, thermoelectric; whereas, whenever, wherever, whoever, sometimes, everywhere, anyhow, nobody.

УКАЗАТЕЛИ ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНИЯ ДЕЙСТВИЯ

- I like the film. - I like it, too. I do, too. So do I.	тоже
- I like movies. I also like disco.	также
- I don't like the film. - I don't either.	мне тоже (нет)
- I don't like the film. - Neither do I.	мне тоже (нет)
- I like movies as well as disco.	так же как и
- I like movies. I like disco as well.	(а) также

Exercise 11. Переведите предложения.

1. I have seen this film, too. 2. London as well as other capitals is a very beautiful city. 3. My friend hasn't been to London, neither have I. 4. There are also other types of computers. 5. I passed my exams yesterday as well as my group-mates. 6. I didn't pass the test in English and my group-mates didn't either. 7. I like bacon for breakfast as well as ham. 8. My dog likes both of them, too. 9. I have translated this text. I have also translated the next one. 10. He hates it, so do I. 11. He doesn't like snakes, neither do I.

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СОЧЕТАНИЯ СЛОВ

Слова в смысловой группе произносятся слитно. Если слово заканчивается на немой r, то перед последующим гласным звуком звук [r] начинает произноситься: there is - [DFq'riz]

in the car, at the wall, on the shelf, in the street, at the box over the sea, under the box, about the house, after the bell ever and ever, doctor and I, her article, we are at the lesson their aunt, your animal, more and more, farther and farther red pen, black coat, nice suit, and the door, brief flight

in the middle of the square, in front of the building

out of the room, throughout the world, in spite of the noise

ПОДЧИНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СОЮЗЫ

Соединяют главное предложение с придаточным. Союзы:

дополнительные: that (что), whether, if (ли)

времени: when (когда), while (в то время как), before (прежде чем), after (после того как), till (до тех пор пока), as (когда, по мере того как), as long as (пока), as soon as (как только), whenever (когда бы ни), since (с тех пор как)

места: where (где), wherever (где бы ни)

причины: because (потому что), since (поскольку), as (так как), for (так как)

цели: in order to (для того чтобы), that (чтобы), so that (так чтобы), lest (чтобы не) условия: if (если), unless (если не), provided (при условии что), in case (в случае

если)

уступки: though, although (хотя)

Exercise 12. Переведите предложения.

1. That he has written the paper is quite certain. 2. The question is if he will come. 3. He said that he had done it. 4. Here is the book that we have spoken about. 5. She will do it when she returns. 6. The plant grows where the others couldn't. 7. As it was raining, we stayed at home. 8. She must hurry lest she would be late. 9. I'll do this work if I have time. 10. Though he was very young, he was a good worker. 11. I stayed there till she came. 12. Provided you find the key you can open this door. 13. I was absent because I was ill. 14. I'll be glad to see you whenever you come to my place.