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UNIT 9. LESSON 2

Exercise 1. Запомните чтение согласных буквосочетаний:

class, mass, express, expression, pressure; check, change, choose, technical, character, school; match, watch; enough, tough, laugh; thing, making, single, angle; thank, rank, bank; castle, hustle; listen, fasten; doubtful, debtor; bomb, dumb, comb, lamb; column, autumn; unique, technique; shine, show; quartz.

Exercise 2. Переведите предложения с причастием-определением.

1. The computer is used when we want to receive processed data. 2. The engineer applying a new method achieved very good results. 3. The computer being fed with data starts to make calculations. 4. The experiment being carried out at the moment is very complex. 5. The students being delivered a lecture on computer design showed great interest. 6. The calculating machine performs all the necessary operations. 7. The results published in the scientific journal became known all over the world. 8. The information received helped to design an improved computing machine. 9. The data obtained formed the basis for future research. 10. The designers creating new machines will carry out the experiment.

Exercise 3. Переведите предложения с причастием-обстоятельством.

1. Having made the calculations the digital computer gave out the results. 2. Designing a new machine he thought about its application. 3. He obtained good results using this method. 4. Calculating at high speed a computer is able to perform various operations. 5. When saving information a computer sends it to the memory unit. 6. Having calculated the data the machine showed the results on display. 7. Being applied in designing the new method was a success. 8. When asked a computer performs all the operations. 9. If controlled computers don't make mistakes. 10. Being a complicated device, a computer helps in the research.

Exercise 4. Выберите нужную форму причастия.

1.The scientists (discussing, discussed) this problem will take part in the conference.

2.The problems (discussing, discussed) at the conference are of great significance for future research. 3. (Designing, having designed) a new computer the engineers used new materials. 4. (Designing, having designed) an electronic device he began creating a new robot.

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Запомните следующие слова.

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

age	[eidZ]	век
demand	[dI'mRnd]	требовать, требование
master	['mRstq]	изучать, совершенствовать
technique	[tek'nJk]	техника, технические приемы
gain	[gein]	достигать, добиваться
sophistication	[sq,fistI'keiSn]	искушенность
acquire	[q'kwaiq]	приобретать
acquaint (with)	[q'kweint]	знакомить с
capability	[,keipq'bilItI]	способность
limitation	[,limI'teiSn]	ограничение
effort	['efqt]	усилие, попытка
intervention	[,intW'venSn]	вмешательство
regulate	['regjuleit]	регулировать
introduce	[,intrq'djHs]	вводить, внедрять
function	['fANkSn]	функция, назначение
fulfil	[ful'fil]	выполнять
growth	[grouT]	рост, увеличение
equipment	[I'kwipmqnt]	оборудование
relieve	[rI'lJv]	облегчать, освобождать
activity	[qk'tivItI]	деятельность
devote	[dI'vout]	посвящать
ability	[q'bilItI]	способность
occupation	[,Okju'peiSn]	занятие, род занятий
elaborate	[I'lxbqrIt]	детально разработанный
amount	[q'maunt]	количество
concern	[kqn'sWn]	интерес, дело, забота
advance	[qd'vRns]	продвигаться, развивать
cover	['kAvq]	охватывать
precision	[prI'siZn]	точность
discover	[dIs'kAvq]	открывать

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Exercise 5. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова:

technique, nonlinear, limitation, hybrid, automation, manufacture, minimum, regulate, reason, activity, airplane, pilot, inertial, configuration, distribute, distributor, distribution, scheme, theme, effect, effective, individual, specialize, specialization.

Прочитайте текст и переведите его со словарем.

9A. AUTOMATION

The space age demands that the control engineer should master the necessary techniques and obtain the needed knowledge for solving nonlinear control system problems. This means that he must gain sophistication in several almost unrelated fields.

In the first place he must acquire deeper knowledge of modern mathematics and then systems and components in their nonlinear range of operation. At last he must become well acquainted with the capabilities or limitations of modern digital, analog and hybrid computers.

What is automation? It is a process in which work is done with a minimum human effort and intervention and which is largely self-regulating. When introduced, modern complex controls can perform functions man would not be able to fulfil.

The design of newer equipment with greater usefulness and capabilities is bringing about an ever increasing growth in the development of control equipment. The reason is twofold.

Firstly, automatic controls relieve man of many monotonous activities, so that he can devote his abilities to another occupation, either physical or mental.

Secondly, modern complex controls can perform functions which are beyond the physical abilities of man. For example, an elaborate automatic control system operates the engine of a modern jet airplane with only a minimum amount of the pilot's attention, so that he is free to fly his airplane.

It is important that the design and development of automatic control systems should be a principal concern of an engineer. In recent years such systems should have been rapidly advancing in significance in all fields of engineering.

The applications of control systems cover a very wide scope, ranging from the design of precision control devices, such as sensitive instruments used for inertial guidance, to the design of the equipment used for controlling manufacture or some industrial processes.

New applications for automatic controls are continually being discovered in all areas of human life.

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Exercise 6. Прочтите следующие слова:

age, demand, master, technique, knowledge, sophistication, hybrid, acquainted, minimum, increase, beyond, advance, significance.

Exercise 7. Найдите в тексте английский эквивалент.

Это значит, достичь искушенности, приобретать сначала, затем, наконец, во-первых, во-вторых, вне человека, за последние годы, охватывать широкий минимальными усилиями, или … или.

более глубокие знания, физических способностей спектр, основная забота, с

Exercise 8. Найдите пары синонимов из двух списков:

A:age, demand, technique, problem, field, operation, human, complex, perform, monotonous, occupation, amount, important, principal, rapidly, use, precision, device;

B:dull, main, quickly, instrument, branch, men's, application, carry out, complicated, work, quantity, accuracy, significant, job, era, engineering, task, require.

Exercise 9. Закончите предложения.

1. The control engineer should master ... . 2. He should obtain ... . 3. The engineer must gain ... . 4. First of all he must acquire ... . 5. Then he must get ... . 6. He must become acquainted ... . 7. It is important that the design ... . 8. The engineers had to use control systems in the design of precision ... . 9. He has to apply systems in the design of the equipment ... . 10. He also must discover ... .

Exercise 10. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the main requirement of the space age? 2. In what branches must engineer gain sophistication? 3. What does the control engineer have to know? 4. What is automation? 5. Man cannot perform functions of modern complex controls, can he? 6. What is the first reason of the increasing growth in the development of control equipment? 7. What is the second reason of growing importance of control equipment? 8. What is important about an engineer and automatic control systems? 9. What scope of application do control systems find? 10. What is being done in the field of automatic control now?

Exercise 11. Переведите слова с отрицательными приставками:

unchangeable, unusable, incomplete, inseparable, immovable, imperfect, illiberal, irregularity, nonlinear, non-conductor, non-stop, disable, disconnect, disappear, decentralize, decode, deform, anti-scientific, anti-noise, misapply, misinformation, counter-question, countermeasure.

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Exercise 12. Переведите предложения c причастиями.

1. Installations fulfilling the process automatically are used in industry. 2. When introduced, modern complex controls can perform different functions. 3. The design of newer equipment brings about an ever increasing growth in the development of control equipment. 4. Having been used in the experiment the installation was returned to the laboratory. 5. The results achieved in the research were described in the article. 6. The machines being produced at this plant are of high quality. 7. When studying the problem the professor found that it could be divided into several logical parts. 8. When given necessary instructions, a computer starts operating. 9. Being a pocket size the generalpurpose computer will be a very useful device. 10. Having calculated the problem we could examine the results. 11. Introducing automatic control man can devote his abilities to another occupation. 12. Having been introduced in various branches of industry, this automatic control system will increase the efficiency. 13. When controlled, the automatic system works properly. 14. We can save much time applying powerful analog computers. 15. Modern complex control systems cover a very wide area ranging from precision control devices to equipment used for manufacture control.

Exercise 13. Переведите предложения с глаголами should и would.

1. You should be careful when working with computers. 2. I was sure this device would make it possible to regulate the processes. 3. I should like to complete the task as soon as possible. 4. He said that the number of automatic plants would continue to grow. 5. If you started the process, you would find the explanation to the problem. 6. This would be important for labour saving. 7. Skilled people should be required to operate 'thinking' machines. 8. It's necessary you should carry out the computations tomorrow. 9. He supposed that they would be working in the laboratory for two hours. 10. Provided the computer had better software, you would finish your experiment much earlier. 11. Unless the problems were fed into the machine, we should get no results. 12. Last month I would work at the program every day. 13. It would be difficult to do this work without a computer. 14. You should know English better. 15. You should have known English better.