Key dates in science

1852 The first airship, powered by steam and filled with hydrogen, made its maiden flight in France.

1859 Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, published “On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection”. It contained his theories of evolution.

1862 The first celluloid plastic was exhibited in London, England.

1869 The Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleyev developed the first periodic table of the elements.

1876 The first telephone message was transmitted by Alexander Graham Bell in Boston, USA.

Lesson 11

Grammar. Дієприкметник теперішнього часу (Participle I)

Незалежний дієприкметниковий зворот.

Text 11A. Transport for Tomorrow

Text 11B. How It Works

Topic. Lutsk

Форми дієприкметника теперішнього часу

	Active	Passive
Indefinite Perfect	writing having written	being written having been written

Exercise 1. Form Participle 1 (Indefinite Active) from these verbs and translate them into Ukrainian.

To develop, to measure, to involve, to build, to grow, to bring, to follow, to move, to obtain, to contain, to produce, to exert, to include, to use, to offer, to happen, to carry out, to tell, to keep, to divide, to lie, to die, to tie

Exercise 2. Read and translate into Ukrainian these word-combinations.

A. the engineer carrying out the research; the young man entering the University; the student studying foreign languages; the plan containing many details; the student attending all the lectures; the workers building a new house; the student measuring this quantity; the engineer using a new method; the car developing a great speed; the plant producing machinery; the growing population of the country

B. using new methods; constructing new machines; achieving good results; dividing the apple into three parts; discovering new lands; using new equipment; receiving important information, moving at high speed, leaving the town, graduating from the University.

C. having entered the University; having calculated the distance; having developed the speed of 120 km/h; having introduced new methods of work; having decided to leave the city; having installed a new equipment; having obtained the necessary information; having found the new way; having changed his behaviour; having offered her his help; having passed all examinations; having returned home

Exercise 3. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian, paying attention to the Participle 1.

1. In the room we saw a boy writing a letter. 2. This firm producing computers is well known all over the world. 3. At last I have bought an automatic washing machine. 4. All objects surrounding us in nature are composed of different substances. 5. Being a good conductor, copper is widely used in industry. 6. A molecule is a compound consisting of two or more atoms. 7. Discussing chemical reactions we ought first to make clear what a chemical reaction is. 8. Raising the temperature we increase the agitation of the molecules. 9. Decreasing the temperature we slow down the reaction.10. Efforts being made in the development of chemical industry meet with great success. 11. Driving a car a man tries to keep steady speed and watch the car in front of him. 12. Having stated the laws of gravity, Newton was able to explain the structure of the Universe. 13.Being more efficient than human being, computers are used more and more extensively. 14. Having graduated from Cambridge, Newton worked there as a tutor. 15. Having been published in 1687, Newton laws of motion are still the basis of research. 16. Being invented the digital technology solved the old problems of noise in signal transmission. 17. Having published his book about space exploration in 1895, Tsiolkovsky became known all over the world.

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian, having in mind that the suffix -ing can be used for the formation of both the P I and the noun.

1. A person beginning some experiment should be very careful and attentive. The engineer was allowed to do the research himself from the beginning to the end.

2. I don’t understand the meaning of some words in the text. The word “physics” comes from the Greek word meaning “nature”.

3. The reading of the device is wrong as it is out of order. The man reading some book at the table by the window is reading for his examination.

4. Building the house they paid special attention to the strength of its foundation. The building houses only technical equipment.

Exercise 5. Translate into Ukrainian, paying attention to the Absolute Participial Construction.

A. 1. There being little time left, they hired a cab to get to the theatre in time. 2. It being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit. 3. The weather being cold, he put on his overcoat. 4. Dinner being over, they assembled in the drawing room. 5. The members of the committee argued, their views on the problem being different. 6. There being no bread, I had to go and buy some. 7. The bus being overcrowded, he had to stay. 8. The road being bad, we drove carefully. 9. There are several cities in Ukraine with the population over one million, Kyiv being the largest one.

B. 1. The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was very low. 2. This material being a dialectric, no current can flow through it. 3. The electrons move with varying velocities, their velocity depending on the temperature and nature of the material. 4. Any moving object can do work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and velocity. 5. Raio was invented in Russia, its inventor being the Russian scientist A. S. Popov.

Exercise 6. Translate into English.

1.Читаючи книгу, він, як правило, робить помітки. 2. Прочитавши текст, ми обговорили його. 3. Відповідаючи на питання, студент зробив декілька помилок. 4. Відповівши на запитання, ми почали перекладати новий текст. 5. Оскільки мідь є хорошим провідником електрики, вона широко використовується у виробництві. 6. Побачивши зелене світло, ми перейшли дорогу. 7. Купуючи газету, він загубив гроші. 8. Проводячи дослід, ми підняли температуру до 98⁰. 9. Вивчивши властивості деяких матеріалів, інженер вибрав ті, що потрібні для роботи. 10. Розробляючи нові матеріали, інженери повинні враховувати багато різних факторів.