Key dates in science

1936 The first helicopter flight was made in Germany by the Focke Fa-61.

1938 Nuclear fission was discovered by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman. Lise Meitner explained the discovery in 1939.

1941 Frank Whittle invented the turbojet aircraft engine in England.

1945 The USA tested the atomic bomb in New Mexico, USA, and used it on Hiroshima, Japan.

1948 Three American scientists, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley, invented the transistor, making miniature electronics possible.

Lesson 15.

Grammar. Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс.

Суб’єктний інфінітивний комплекс.

Text 15A. Superconductivity.

Text 15B. New Hope for Energy.

Topic. Industry in Great Britain.

Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс

А	Підмет	Присудок	1. Іменник у загаль- ному відмінку (чи) 2. Особовий займ. в обєктн. відмінку	Інфінітив (з часткою to)	Другорядні члени речення
	They They	want want	Helen her	to do to do	this work this work
Б	Підмет	Присудок	1. Іменник у загаль- ному відмінку (чи) 2. Особовий займ. в обєктн. відмінку	Інфінітив (без частки to)	Другорядні члени речення
	I I	saw saw	the man him	cross cross	the street the street

Exercise I. Translate into Ukrainian the followig sentences with Objective Infinitive Complex.

A 1. He wanted the letter to be sent immediately. 2. We expect the result of the examinations to be announced tomorrow. 3. I ordered the carpets to be cleaned. 4. We would like the project to be put into practice as soon as possible. 5. I didn’t want the trees to be planted in front of the house. 6. All knew this to be true. 7. She thought him to be a famous singer. 8. She could not admit him to be worth thinking of again. 9. I expect her to behave quite differently. 10. I know your brother to be an excellent mathematician. 11. What makes you think so? 12. If you need my help, let me know. 13. Nobody noticed him enter the lecture-room. 14. I heard the teacher explain this rule. 15. Let them stay. 16. He felt somebody touch his shoulder.

B 1. We know Morse to have been a painter by profession. 2. Scientists expect lasers to solve the problem of controlled thermonuclear reaction. 3. Designers expect dirigibles to be used for exploration of new territories. 4. Japanese designers believe a new ceramic engine to replace the conventional one. 5. Engineers suppose a new “night vision” system to enable drivers to see better after dark. 6. Scientists believe new laser devices to be widely used in medicine. 7. We know the first digital optical disks to have been produced as disks for music. 8. They believed him to be capable to do this work. 9. We know the cybernetics to be an important branch of modern technology. 10. We thought him to have taken part in their experiment. 11. Did you want the plan to be improved? 12. The engineer expected the work to be done in time. 13. We expect you to show good results. 14. The discovery showed the atomic nucleus to be a vast source of energy. 15.. Everybody knows him to be writing a new book.

Exercise 2 Complete the following sentences using Objective Infinitive Complex.

1. I want (he, to do) the work without delay. 2. They advised (I, to see) the exhibition. 3. I expected (she, to come) to the party. 4. She wanted (her daughter, to behave herself). 5. They expect (she, to invite) them to dinner. 6. They wanted (we, to join) the sports club. 7. It is very cold and we do not expect (the weather, to change). 8. Everybody believed (she, to become) a first-class pianist. 9. We would like (they, to take part) in the conference. 10. We permit (she, to be) more polite. 11. They want (we, to call) on them today. 12. I suppose (he, to be ) about fifty. 13. She saw (her neighbour, to open) the door of his flat. 14. I noticed (Henry, to go up) to the stranger. 15. I heard (she, to cry out) loudly.

Exercise 3. Translate these sentences with Objective Infinitive Complex. Pay attention to the verbs which introduce this complex into the sentences. After you have read and translate these sentences, analyze the verbs of which of the four groups are characteristic for each of the style:

1. verbs denoting physical perception (фізичне сприйняття);

2. verbs denoting mental perception ( розумову діяльність);

3. verbs denoting will and emotions( бажання, емоції);

4. verbs denoting causation (спонукання до дії)

1. Everybody knows Tsiolkovsky to be one of the greatest scientists of his time. 2. We know his discoveries to have produced great changes in the field of cosmonautics. 3. Our teacher wanted this work to be done in time. 4. We want atomic energy to be used for peaceful construction. 5. Gravitation makes water run down a hill. 6. We saw the delegation enter the building of our University. 7. We noticed the temperature fall very quickly. 8. We heard him sing. 9. We know electrochemistry to owe its birth to the discoveries of Volta. 10. Everybody knows these terms to exist unchanged and to be used constantly in science. 11. It was a stroke of luck that his employer knew him to have desire of learning and allowed him to read the books and attend scientific lectures.12. Faraday expected electrochemistry to be widely used in industry. 13. All progressive mankind wants atomic energy to be used for peaceful construction. 14. The members of this scientific group want the new device to be tested immediately. 15. They wanted this apparatus to be adjusted carefully by the operator.

Exercise 4. Translate these sentences into English using the Objective Infinitive Complex.

А. 1. Я хочу, щоб всі це прочитали. 2. Мені б хотілося, щоб лікар оглянув його. 3. Я не хочу, щоб вона знала це. 4. Я не хочу, щоб ти одержав погану оцінку. 5. Мені б не хотілося, щоб вони спізнилися. 6. Вам би хотілося, щоб я розповів вам цю історію? 7. Вона знала, що він дуже добра людина. 8. Всі знали, що вона прогресивний учений 9. Хочете, я дам вам свій словник? 10. Ми розраховуємо, що ви нам допоможете.

Б. 1. Я чув, як він відчинив двері. 2. Я не помітив, як він поклав лист на стіл. 3. Я бачив, як він поставив свою валізу біля дверей. 4. Ми спостерігали, як він зійшов з потяга і пішов в напрямку до нас. 5. Вона відчула, що хтось дивиться на неї. 6. Вона примусила його займатися англійською мовою. 7. Погана погода змусила нас повернутися додому. 8. Хвороба змусила його залишитися дома. 9. Нехай вони сьогодні роблять все, що їм заманеться. 10. Я не чув, що він це казав.