Lesson 13

Grammar. Інфінітив, його форми та функції..

Text 13A. Lasers.

Text 13B. Optical Technology.

Topic. Developing of Telecommunications.

Форми інфінітиву

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to write	to be written
Continuous	to be writing	-
Perfect	to have written	to have been written
Perfect Continuous	to have been writing	-

Exercise 1. Define the following forms of the infinitive.

to be asking, to have said, to come, to have been staying, to be told, to be speaking, to have been ordered, to have done, to have been listening, to be written, to have been known, to read

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences where different forms of the infinitive are used.

1. I was glad to be back. 2. Isn’t it natural that we like to be praised and don’t like to be scolded. 3. I don’t want to be deceived. 4. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 5. He is very forgetful, but he doesn’t like to be reminded of his duties. 6. She remembered to have been told a lot about him. 7. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 8. He was glad to be met at the station. 8. He is sorry to have said it. 9. He pretended to be sleeping. 10. I’m glad to have met you. 11. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 12 I am glad to have told the truth.

Exercise 3. Choose the correct form of the infinitive.

1. He refused to help / to be helped us. 2. Don’t bother to have stood / to stand up. 3. I don’t know what to say / to be saying. 4. Nobody told her how to have been doing / to do it. 5. I am happy to be invited / to have been invited to the party last night. 6. I hope to be invited / to have been invited next time. 7. He was glad to be finding / to have found his gloves. 8. Jane is sorry to break / to have broken a cup. 9. I am glad to work / to be working with you. 10. I am glad to work / to be working with you now. 11. We wanted to be recognized / to have been recognized by them at once. 12. They are lucky to see / to have seen so many countries.

Exercise 4. Translate into English.

1. Він вирішив не дзвонити їй. 2. Ми думаємо не залишатися тут до кінця лекції. 3. Він любить розповідати кумедні історії. 4. Він любить, коли йому розповідають кумедні історії. 5. Він задоволений, що йому розповіли цю історію. 6. Вона не задоволена, що її зупинила поліція. 7. Приємно було знову поплавати в морі. 8. Я сподіваюся бути запрошеним на їхнє весілля. 9. Він був задоволений тим, що відповів на всі їхні запитання. 10. Мені завжди приємно розмовляти з тобою. 11. Мені приємно розмовляти з тобою зараз. 12. Вона не любить, коли за нею спостерігають під час роботи. 13. Всі люблять, коли їм довіряють. 14. Він не хотів, щоб його знайшли. 15. Я жалкую, що не знайшов вас.

Exercise 5. Define the function of the infinitive in the following sentences. Translate the sentences.

1. То develop a new submersible craft with a manipulator is not an easy task. 2. To develop the supercomputer, highly developed electronics and new materials were required. 3. One of the best ways to keep the car speed steady is to use a computer. 4. Experiments helped Mendeleev to discover the properties of new chemical elements. 5. Francis Chichester was the first to sail round the world by himself. 6. Some materials with new useful properties may be produced in space. 7. A special electronic device signals the engine to stop. 8. Radar may control the brakes to avoid collisions with other cars. 9. High temperature alloys make it possible for jet engines to be operating under severe conditions for a long реriod of time. 10. Recently a radar to be mounted on cars has been developed. 11. In a new Japanese car the information to be received by the driver will come through a navigation earth satellite. 12. To detect objects at a distance such as ships, aircrafts, buildings, mountains, etc. is of great importance for navigation both at sea and in air. 13. The radar detects the stationary objects ahead of the car to warn the driver about them and slow down the speed. 14. We had fresh water to drink. 15. They returned to listen about our acci_dent and help. 16. He asked permission to leave.