5. Переведите на русский язык следующие сочетания слов без словаря:

a mixture of hydrocarbons, boiling points, to yield petrol, carbon atoms, viscous black liquid, to boil within the 40-180 degrees C range, to use as a solvent, to serve as fuel, to distill from the residual oil, liquid furnace fuel, to make candles, to impregnate paper, in order to make smth, to grease metal goods.

6. Определите значение интернациональных слов:

different fractions, oil products, aviation petrol, motor fuel, kerosene is used as fuel for tractors and rockets, in the absence of electricity, diesel engines, distillation of residual oil, to lubricate different mechanisms, automobile oil, industrial lubricant, non-volatile dark mass, chemical processing, to produce petrol, paraffin wax, to use in medicine, that is known as vaseline, commercial vaseline, to protect from corrosion, as a base for smth.

7. Определите по суффиксам, какой частью речи являются следующие слова:

boil – boiler – boiling; distill – distillation – distiller; contain – container; produce – production – producer; remove – remover; light – lightning – lighter; add – additional – addition; to differ – difference – different – differentiate – differently – differentiation; depend – dependable – dependency – dependent; refine – refined – refinement – refinery; protect – protection – protective – protector – protectionism.

8. Определите значение слова “process” в контексте.

1. Residual oil is subjected to chemical processing to produce petrol. 2. All cracking processes produce a certain amount of light gas much of which is reactive. 3. Due to the progress made in this branch, it has become possible to study the processes connected with fission and fusion of the atomic nuclei, and to carry out such processes artificially.

9. Запомните:

В английском языке страдательный залог – the Passive Voice – образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия II смыслового глагола.

Глагол в страдательном залоге в английском языке может переводиться на русский язык:

1. формой глагола в страдательном залоге: The letter was written. – Письмо было написано.

2. неопределенно-личным предложением: I was asked. – Меня спросили.

3. формой возвратных глаголов на -ся, -сь: Petrol is also used as a solvent. - Бензин также используется как растворитель.

Страдательный залог употребляется во всех временных формах Indefinite и Perfect (Present, Past, Future), но он имеет только две формы Continuous (Present и Past).

Indefinite Continuous Perfect

Present I am asked I am being asked I have been asked

Past I was asked I was being asked I had been asked

Future I shall be asked - I shall have been asked

Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод страдательного залога:

1. When these oil products have been distilled off, there remains a viscous black liquid called residual oil. 2. Petrol is used as fuel for internal combustion engines; the principal two grades are aviation petrol and motor fuel, which are used for aircraft and motor cars respectively. 3. Petrol is also used as a solvent for oils and rubber. 4. Kerosene is used as fuel for tractors. 5. In the absence of electricity kerosene is used for lighting. 6. They are used to lubricate different engines. 7. Lubricants are thus divided into automobile oil, aircraft oil, etc. 8. After the lubricants have been distilled off from the residual oil there remains a non-volatile dark mass called oil tar, which is used as a road binder. 9. Residual oil is subjected to chemical processing to produce petrol and is used as a liquid furnace fuel. 10. From some grades of petroleum it is also possible to prepare a mixture of solid hydrocarbons, which is known as paraffin wax. 11. This is used to make candles. 12. There is also a mixture of liquid and solid hydrocarbons that is known as vaseline. 13. Commercial vaseline is used to grease metal goods. 14. Purified vaseline is used in medicine as a base for ointments.