Grammar practice The Infinitive

Ex. 1. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the infinitive.

a) 1. In order to know a foreign language well you must work at it hard and regularly. 2. In order to become good specialists we must get knowledge of many juridical sciences. 3. In order to enter this college applicants must pass the entrance exams successfully. 4. In order to know this topic well you must work in the English laboratory today. 5. In order to be strong and healthy you must go in for athletics.

b) 1. To train law enforcement experts of high standards Belarusian State University provides all necessary conditions for its students. 2. To become a freshman of the University you must pass the entrance exams successfully. 3. I must work hard to know this subject well. 4. To get a diploma of a lawyer you must work a lot here at the college.

Ex. 2. Read, and translate the sentences paying attention to the Infinitive in different functions:

1. To pursue personal security means to protect the vital interests of a person from external and internal threat related to political and military activity, as well as environmental, informational and humanitarian safety.

2. To enter the scene of a crime and carelessly handle objects before they have been photographed and examined for fingerprints is unforgivable.

3. If there are no witnesses, the entire case must be proved through physical evidence alone.

4. The first officer to arrive at the scene of a crime has two major responsibilities: a) to examine the victim for signs of life, and b) to protect and preserve all physical evidence.

5. Various movable objects where fingerprints may be found, should be carefully removed to a safe place to be dusted later.

6. Any palmer skin design will serve to positively identify a person.

Ex. 3. Write down the sentences with the Infinitive Passive. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The English Queen (regard) as the supreme authority has in practice a very shadowy power of veto.

2. The British Constitution (study) in numerous documents is not codified in any particular document.

3. Justice in this country (administer) by judges greatly depends on the amount of money a person has.

4. Ministers of the British Cabinet (appoint) formally by the Queen, but in practice by the Prime Minister, are responsible for every part of the government's administration.

5. The facts about the crime (obtain) by the investigator can (give) by the witnesses.

6. The evidence (preserve) for court may be found in the crime scene.

7. The person (interview) must (prepare) to give information.

8. One remarkable feature of the English legal system (take) into consideration is that an important part of the law has never been debated by any Parliament.

9. The plans (fulfill) by the end of the year are of great importance for the country.

The Infinitive Constructions

Ex. 4. Translate the sentences with the Complex Object.

1. I suppose her not to be guilty.

2. I consider him to be an honest man.

3. The teacher found them to be very clever students.

4. The witness saw the woman enter the house and leave it twenty minutes later.

5. The police officer wanted the young man to be invited here.

6. I should like you to tell me the truth.

7. The students liked the lessons to be conducted in the lab.

8. The investigator expected him to give all the information about that fact.

9. We believe the prevention of crime to be one of the main functions of militia.

10. The policeman saw the criminal run away.

11. We consider the traces to be very important for the investigation.

12. We all know him to be a highly qualified detective.

Ex. 5. Translate the sentences with the Complex Subject and For to Infinitive Construction. Ask and answer the questions using the information given in the sentences.

1. At the national level crime is seen to be a social illness and a by-product of the social system within the state.

2. That evidence proved to be very important.

3. Our laws are known to protect the interests of all the people.

4. He was expected to give the truthful information.

5. That investigator is considered to be an experienced lawyer.

6. The crime is reported to have been committed by a group of young people.

7. The British Constitution is considered to be unwritten because it is not codified as a whole in any particular document.

8. The police officer happened to be present at the crime scene at the moment the offense was committed.

9. Criminality is considered to be a social phenomenon.

10. I happened to be there at the time of robbery.

11. The investigator is expected to solve the crime quickly.

12. The criminal investigation department is considered to be one of the most complicated militia services.

13. He seems to be investigating that complicated case.

14. It is for society to offer strong resistance to crime and its influence in every sphere of life.

15. That is for court to find whether he is quilty or not.

16. There are laws for people to protect their rights, property, liberty and life.

17. The best thing for you to do is to start working.

18. There is nobody here for us to rely on.

19. Magna carta, or Great Charter, is known to have been signed beg king John in 1215 under the threat of civil war.

20. The Bill of Rights (1689) Proved to be the basic instrument of the British Constitution.

Ex. 6. Read and translate the following sentences. Define the forms of the Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions if any.

1. Nowadays crimes turn to become more dangerous to the individuals.

2. In America a complicated machinery is necessary to alter the Constitution whereas in England it is rather easy to alter the laws.

3. The English Constitution is considered to be flexible because Parliament can ‘make or unmake’ any law rather easily.

4. To alter the Constitution it is not necessary to have a complicated machinery in England, so all laws can be altered with ease.

5. In theory the Sovereign in the United Kingdom is regarded to be an active party to the making of laws, but in practice he has a shadowy veto.

6. In order to understand English Constitutional law you should study numerous documents, various statutes, judicial decisions and others.

7. Though the king is supposed to be the nominal Sovereign, any particular Parliament during the period of its existence is legally supreme.

8. The correctional establishments are supposed to rehabilitate the offenders through labour.

9. Most of historians regard the US Constitution to be a conservative document.

10. This evidence proved to have helped the investigator in solving the crime.

11. The people watched the policeman protect the crime scene.

12. This young man is unlikely to have committed a crime.

13. These facts are expected to help identify the offender.

14. The person to be interviewed is supposed to have witnessed the crime.

15. This case is unlikely to be investigated quickly.

16. It’s for the policy of state to adjust to the changes happening in society and to react to them effectively.

Ex. 7. Read the sentences with: 1) Complex Object; 2) Complex Subject; 3) for Infinitive construction and Infinitive as an Attribute. Translate the sentences.

1. It is for the state to protect the people and society from crime.

2. The criminal to be arrested must be identified and located first.

3. Extreme egoism and individualism are considered to be the objective and subjective basic tendencies of criminal behavior.

4. The laboratory examination of certain physical evidence is considered, in some types of offenses, to be the most important part of the investigation.

5. The investigating officer supposed the discovered evidence to be linked with the suspect.

6. The police officer planned the search of the crime scene to be conducted very thoroughly.

7. The person to be identified committed a serious crime.

8. The investigator reported of the defendant's innocence to have been proved.

9. The facts to be collected by the police officer must provide sufficient evidence to bring the criminal to justice.

10. The police happened to have located the dangerous fugitive rather quickly.

11. The defendant's fingerprints proved to be the only means of identifying the victim.

12. Vice crimes are often considered essentially to be «victimless» crimes.

13. We expect our future detectives to learn how to use informants through personal experience.

14. The material evidence to be examined in the FBI Laboratory will be sufficient to convict the defendant.

15. The last witness to be interviewed was, a narrow-shouldered young man who had been the only one in the place to have seen the bandit.

16. On the day this robbery is supposed to have been committed he swears he was working in the library all day.

17. Books by Conan Doyle are known to have been translated in our country.

Ex. 8 Translate into English

1. В Англии существуют два вида юристов: поверенные и адвокаты.

2. Поверенные имеют дело с мелкими преступлениями и некоторыми супружескими делами в Магистратских судах.

3. По гражданскому делу поверенный может выступать в Суде графства, если дело касается развода или взыскания долгов.

4. Чтобы получить квалификацию поверенного, необходимо сдать экзамен Юридического образца и нет необходимости поступать в университет.

5. К адвокату обращаются за консультацией по действительно трудным вопросам.

6. Адвокаты – это эксперты в толковании права.

7. Чтобы получить квалификацию адвоката вы должны сдать экзамен Совету Адвокатов.

8. Только адвокаты могут стать судьями в английском суде выше Магистратского.

9. Судьи Магистратского суда – это обычные люди, которые выбираются не из-за юридической подготовки, а потому, что они обладают здравым смыслом и понимают людей.

10. Судьи Верховного суда имеют дело с наиболее серьезными преступлениями.

11. Судьи решают, что делать с людьми, которые совершили преступление.

12. В Британии огромное большинство судий не получают зарплату, и они отдают свое время добровольно.