- •Предисловие
- •Unit I State Structure of the Republic of Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Discussion
- •Grammar Practice The Adjective. Degrees of Comparison
- •Articles
- •The Verb. Types of Questions
- •Tenses in the Active Voice
- •Modal Verbs
- •The President
- •The Leguslative and Executive Branches
- •Legal System of Belarus
- •Judicial Power
- •External Policy of the Republic of Belarus
- •Revision Translation
- •Unit II State Structure of the United Kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •The Constitutional Monarchy
- •Legislature
- •Parliament
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Verb noun(agent) noun(concept)
- •English Laws
- •Discussion
- •Grammar Practice Tenses in the Active Voice
- •Types of questions. Degrees of comparison. Articles.
- •Limitations on the Lords
- •The Queen
- •Electoral System
- •Political Party System
- •Revision translation
- •Unit III State Structure of the usa
- •Vocabulary
- •The Constitution of the usa
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Discussion
- •1. The Declaration of Independence:
- •2. The Bill of Rights:
- •The Constitution:
- •Grammar Practice Articles
- •The Passive Voice
- •Modal Verbs
- •The Sequence of Tenses
- •Congress
- •The Senate
- •The House of Representatives
- •Department of Justice
- •Political Parties
- •Revision translation Правовая система сша
- •Unit IV Legal Profession
- •Vocabulary
- •Legal Profession in Great Britain
- •Word Practice
- •Verb noun (agent) noun (concept)
- •Discussion
- •Grammar practice The Infinitive
- •The Infinitive Constructions
- •Prepositions
- •Modal Verbs
- •Legal Profession in the United States
- •Judges Nomination
- •Judicial Independence
- •The United States Sheriffs’ Work
- •Revision translation Профессия юриста в Великобритании
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •You should Know Law
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Verb noun (agent) noun (concept)
- •Discussion
- •1. Law is the highest achievement of civilization:
- •2. Functions of law:
- •3. The spheres of law:
- •Grammar Practice
- •Tenses in the Active and Passive Voice (Revision)
- •The Participle
- •The Participle Constructions
- •Sources of Law
- •Legal System of Great Britain
- •Ancient Laws
- •The Middle Ages Legislation
- •The Center of Government and Justice
- •Revision translation
- •Англо-саксонская правовая семья или семья общего права
- •Законодательство на территории Беларуси в Средние Века
- •Unit VI Crime
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Discussion
- •Tom's Life of Crime
- •Inspector’s Investigation
- •Grammar Practice Prepositions
- •The Gerund
- •Defences
- •Juvenile Delinquency
- •Crime Prevention
- •Measures to Combat Terrorism
- •Computer Crime
- •Revision Translation
- •Unit VII Police Force
- •Vocabulary
- •The Work of the Police in Great Britain
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Duties and functions of the police force:
- •Members of the police:
- •Grammar Practice Subjunctive Mood
- •The Police Mission
- •Points for Discussion:
- •The Metropolitan Police Force
- •Scotland Yard
- •Interpol
- •Police Force in the u.S.A.
- •Inspection Division
- •Revision Translation
- •Revision test (Units 1 – 3)
- •Inns of Court
- •Scottish Parliament
- •Vocation to Defend Man
- •Revision test (Units 4 – 7)
- •A Famous Russian Jurist
- •Supplement
- •1. English Alphabet and Sounds. Алфавит и звуки
- •2. Rules of reading. Произношение и чтение
- •3.Word Formation. Словообразование. Suffixes. Суффиксы
- •4.The Noun. The Category of number. Множественное число существительных
- •5. The Noun. The Category of Case. Притяжательный падеж
- •6. The indefinite Article
- •7. The Definite Article (with Common Nouns)
- •8. Omission of the Article. Отсутствие артикля
- •9. The Degrees of Comparison (the adjective and the adverb). Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
- •10.The Pronoun. Местоимения
- •11. The Cardinal and the Ordinal numerals. Количественные и порядковые числительные
- •12. The Structure of the Sentence. Порядок слов в английском повествовательном предложении
- •13. To be and to Have (Indefinite Tenses). Глаголы to be и to have во временах группы Indefinite
- •15. Types of Questions. Типы вопросительных предложений
- •16. A) The Tenses in the Active Voice Времена действительного залога
- •16. B) The Future–in–the Past. Будущее в прошедшем
- •17. The Constitution It is/was… that. Усилительная конструкция
- •18. The Passive Voice. Страдательный залог.
- •19. Modal Verbs. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
- •20. The Sequence of Tenses. Согласование времен.
- •22. The word One
- •23. The Participle. Причастие.
- •24. The Participial Constructions. Причастные обороты
- •25. The Gerund. Герундий.
- •26. The Gerundial. Герундиальный оборот
- •27. The Infinitive. Инфинитив
- •28. The Infinitive Constructions. Инфинитивные обороты
- •29. Subjunctive Mood. Сослагательное наклонение.
- •List of Irregular Verbs
- •List of Reference Books
The Verb. Types of Questions
Ex.4. Use to be, to have, there + be in the proper form. Put different types of questions to the following sentences. Work in pairs.
There (be) a lot of youth organizations in Belarus. (General)
The most numerous youth organizations (be) the Belarusian Patriotic Union of Youth and the Belarusian Union of Youth. (What … )
The BPUY (have) the statute of a public union and works in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus. (What organization …)
The main goal of this organization (be) to unite patriotically thinking young people for active participation in the construction of a society of justice and progress. (What … )
The members of the youth organizations (have) certain rights and duties and can leave the organizations at their own free will. (Disjunctive)
There (be) a great many nations existing in the world, and only about 200 of them (have) their own sovereign governments. (Alternative)
Belarus (have) enough economic potential and people’s resources to develop its independence and statehood in the new millennium. (Indirect …)
Scaryna’s goal (be) “to worship the Lord and to educate common people”. (Whose goal … )
Scaryna’s printed Bible (be) the first one among Eastern and Southern Slavs. (General)
State independence (be) a necessary foundation for effective national development. (What … )
In all times every nation (have) to fight for its independence. (Why …)
The heroism of the Belarusian partisans, fighting against the German Nazis in World War II (be) known all over the world. (What … )
Symon Budny, the world known philosopher, (be) born in the 16th century, and Nesvizh (be) his native town. (Where …, What …)
Tenses in the Active Voice
Ex. 5. Use the proper form of the verb in the Active Voice.
The Polatsk princes (promote) Christianity, and it (bring) knowledge, education and European cultural achievements to our land.
The son of Ragnieda, the Prince of Polatsk Uziaslau, (inroduce) literacy and primary education.
Prince Usiaslau Charadzei (erect) St. Sophia Cathedral in Polatsk in the 12th century.
And now the unique beauty of St. Sophia Cathedral (attract) people from all over the world.
F. Skaryna (make) a considerable contribution to Renaissance culture.
F. Skaryna (translate) the Bible into Belarusian and first (print) it in Prague in 1517 – 1519.
Returning home, Skaryna (found) a printing house in Vilnya in 1520, and (print) A small travelling book and Apostle there.
In the XVIth – the beginning of the XVIIth centuries a broad system of school education (grow) on the territory of present day Belarus.
The first institution of higher education, Vilnya Academy, (start) its work in 1579, and famous scientists from all over Europe (teach) there.
The Belarusians at that time (become) students of Polish, German, French, Italian and English universities.
In the Middle Ages our country (enjoy) the influence of both the Slavic and the European cultures.
Our land always (be) rich in literary talents whose names (become) famous in many countries of the world.
During the last years Belarus and Russia (do) a lot to promote integration.
Belarus never (be) in isolation from the world community.
According to the UN projections, fuel and energy resources (continue) to be in high demand in the 21st century.
Systematic reforms (bring) changes to the lives of Belarusians, and (open) the country to the outside world.
Russians and Belarusians (share) common ethnic, cultural and linguistic roots for centuries.
At present both countries (implement) the Union Agreement moving forwards a liberal federation.
Being one of the states that (make) a great contribution to the defeat of the Nazis invaders, Belarus (become) one of the founders of the UN in 1945.
Europe rapidly (move) towards integration.