Revision test (Units 4 – 7)

Miscellaneous

Ex.1. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. 80 per cent of the population of Great Britain is reported to be urban.

2. The Сabinet consists of about 20 people including the Prime Minister.

3. British climate is too influenced by the Atlantic for it to be stable.

4. Britain can't develop normally without repairing its ships.

5. Her powers limited by Parliament, the Queen still plays an important role in political life.

6. The Opposition listened to the speaker explaining the problem.

7. The Opposition criticizes the Bills to be introduced by the Government.

Ex.2. Choose the most suitable form.

1. A British citizen can (try/be tried) in British court for a murder or manslaughter (committed/ committing) anywhere in the world.

2. Most of the scientists (invited/inviting) to the conference were (leading/led) specialists in various branches of Law.

3. Experiment is a test (carried out/being carried out) to gain new knowledge.

4. The number of electronic computers (used/having been used) in any (given/giving) field of human activity is an indication of the degree of its modernity.

5. If (informed/informing) of new repressions, the workers will go on strike.

6. When (giving/given) advice to others, think whether you would follow it yourself.

7. Reporters can cause suffering to individuals (by publishing/by being published) details about their private lives.

8. I'm absolutely sure I locked the door. I clearly remember (locking/to lock) it.

9. I remembered (locking/to lock) the door when I left but I forgot to shut the windows.

10. In Britain she had a lot of problems as she wasn't used to (drive/driving) on the left.

11. The streets are unsafe at night. A lot of people are afraid (to go/of going) out.

12. I don't usually carry my passport with me. I'm afraid (of losing/to lose) it.

13. (To be/being) unemployed, he has never got much money, but it is always (embarrassing/embarrassed) for him (to ask/asking) people for help.

14. She avoided (expressing/to express) her opinion in public.

15. Would you mind (answering/ to answer) a few questions?

16. He finished the letter with the words "I'm looking forward to (seeing/see) you.”

17. The workers complained about (being regularly insulted/having insulted) by the employers.

18. I'm sorry (to bother/bothering) you, but I need to talk to you.

19. I'm sorry (for being/to be) late. I was delayed by the traffic.

20. The article (typing/being typed) now will be published tomorrow.

21. The students have just passed the last exam and one of them suggested (going/to go) to the pub in the evening.

22. I'm sorry (hearing/to hear) that you've lost your job.

23. She is a very interesting person. I always enjoy (talking/to talk) to her.

24. If you cross the street without looking, you risk (being/having been) knocked down.

25. He is trying to sell his car, but nobody is interested (in buying/to buy) it.

26. She lives only a short way from here, so it's not worth (taking/to take) a taxi to get to her house.

Ex. 3. Complete the sentences using the required form of the Verbals.

1. The name Britain is said (to derive) from an early Celtic tribe.

2. Scotland and England are known (to join) in 1707.

3. One can watch new industrial towns (to grow) in the outer ring of London.

4. Measures (to submit) to Parliament are the responsibility of the Prime Minister.

5. The Queen calls upon the leader of the Opposition (to form) a new government.

6. At the opening of Parliament only a few MPs from the House of Commons hear the Queen (to read) her speech.

7. The population of Britain is spread unequally, with most of the people (to live) in the South.

8. The Prime Minister is the ruler of the country (to preside) over the meetings of the Cabinet.

9. The (to import) food supplies half of the food needs of Britain.

10. If the Opposition succeeds in (to defeat) the Government the latter resigns.

11. The party couldn't risk (to oppose) the Bill.

12. They stopped (to print) newspapers in the centre of London.

Ex.4. Rewrite the sentences with after and – ing- form

1. I have a cup of coffee. Then I start to work.

2. I open the mail. Then I make some phone calls.

3. He checked his appointments for the next day. He left the office.

4. She watched TV. Then she went to bed.

5. I say hello’ to my friends. Then I go to see my boss.

Ex.5. State the constructions with the Verbals. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Science seems to be playing a major part in politics now and it is desirable for people to understand it.

2. For the experiment to be successful he had to do much work before carrying it out.

3. We do not expect the government to cut taxes though it was promised to the people not long ago.

4. This discovery is considered to be the result of a long and thorough investigation.

5. The application of science and technology in all fields is certain to affect the structure of society as a whole.

6. Occasionally, we all have days, in which nothing seems to go right.

7. Steve's coming so late surprised everybody for he was known to be a very punctual person.

8. The manager's refusing to sign this contract was unexpected result of our talks with one of the foreign companies working in this country.

9. I heard them discussing the agenda of the conference and asked if they would mind my joining their discussion.

10. When he had all his taxes paid, the amount left in the bank was hardly worth mentioning.

11. The standard of living having improved, the families could afford spending more money on foodstuffs.

12. Both scientists and scholars carry out research, the difference between the two being that the former are engaged in exact and natural sciences, while the latter work in the field of the humanities.

Ex. 6. Paraphrase the following sentences using the Verbals and Constructions with them.

1. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the lecture.

2. The problems that will be discussed are vital for our research.

3. The two sides expect that negotiations will be long and difficult.

4. Most of the scientists believe that rapid expansion of industrialization leads to an exhaustion of natural resources.

5. People are sure that science will influence the solution of most important economic and political problems.

6. We waited when the newspapers would publish the information about our new discovery.

7. The teacher insisted that we should take part in the conference.

8. As he didn't know the language and had no friends in the town he found it hard to get work.

9. As the crisis in the country had passed, people could think about the future again.

10. The problems of pollution have already been discussed at a large number of conferences and some of them have been sponsored by the UN.

11. I smelt that something was burning and suddenly saw that smoke was rising over the roof of the house.

12. O. Wild welcomed socialism and considered that it would be a better organized society.

Ex.7. Say what part of speech the underlined forms are, state their functions in the sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian

1. In some cases the police do not know who committed the crime or, if they do know, they cannot locate the offender. This is the classic problem of detection, the problem of discovering reliable information that will lead to the identification and arrest of a criminal

2. Every police officer classifies each case as promising or unpromising on the basis of several criteria, the most important of which is whether or not he thinks he can solve it.

3. While speaking to a victim or witness, the main task of the detective is his ability to conduct a productive interview.

4. Despite their importance, interviewing skills are primarily learned on the job.

5. Having productive informants is essential in many criminal cases.

6. Some states in the USA require a grand jury hearing in felony cases.

7. The grand jury consists of 12-23 persons who sit for 3 to 18 months depending on the jurisdiction.

8. The no contest plea (the same as a guilty plea) is often used when a person is facing both criminal and civil charges.

9. The patrol officer, in taking the original report, will talk with the victim to find out what happened.

10. When protecting a crime scene, the officer must remember that nothing is to be touched or moved.

11. An officer stopping a person for a minor violation of the law has no way of knowing whether the person is wanted for a felony or misdemeanor.

12. Drunk driving arrests peak during the holidays.

13. The climate, weather and changing seasons bring with them differences in crime according to some criminologists.

14. Hot summer weather when people are out of their houses leads to an increasing number of crimes of violence.

15. Burglaries and other property crimes have a tendency for increasing during winter months, when there are long periods of darkness.

Ex. 8. Define the Verbals and their Constructions. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. In the USA the President and Vice-President must be voted for as a team.

2. To become a president a candidate must receive at least 270 votes, which constitute a bare majority in 538-member electoral college.

3. The election laws and their qualification are known to vary in each State.

4. The Senate and the House of Representatives are known to be the two branches of the USA Congress.

5. It is usual for the President to call an extra session to indicate the exact matter which needs the attention of Congress.

6. The judicial branch has the responsibility of judging the constitutionality of acts.

7. There law are about 100 Federal courts through the USA, with final authority resting in the Supreme Court.

8. The discussion over, and numerous questions answered, the speaker turned and left the room.

9. The students were working in the library, one of them looking through the catalogue in search of a required book.

10. She was speaking to the children, her eyes full of kindness and understanding.

11. He has won the case, his heart full of strange emotions.

12. The accused man listened to the sentence, his face calm and indifferent.

13. There being a storm, the prisoner managed to escape without being noticed.

14. It being late, we had to postpone our meeting with the suspects for tomorrow.

15. Mother looked at her son all the time, her eyes happy.

16. The thief arrested by the police stood silent, with his eyes fixed on the ground.

17. A burglar sat on the steps, with his arms crossed upon his knees.

18. The woman was slowly walking on, with a child sleeping calmly in her arms.

19. This news broke her down, and she wandered away, tears rolling down her cheeks.

20. The Queen’s Counsel is expected to appear only in the most important cases.

21. The American Constitution appears to be the oldest still in force in the world.

22. Law seems to exist apart from man and is not even noticed by him until somebody violates its orders.

23. The Supreme Court’s function is to interpret the Constitution, not to alter or modify it.

24. The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest tribunal in the United States, with a Chief Justice and eight associate justices appointed by the President.

25. Independence declared, each of the 13 original states wanting to be sovereign and control its own affairs.

26. Democrats often want the government to establish social programs for people in need, such as the poor, the unemployed and the elderly.

27. Republicans want the government to support big business, but not control the lives of citizens.

28. Republicans are considered to oppose the government’s spending for social programs. They are known to support military spending.

Ex.9. a) Say what would happen if things were different.

1. If I (win) a lot of money, I (travel) around the world.

2. If all people (be) good and honest, the world (be) better.

3. If people (not, commit) crimes, there (not, be) any necessity to put them to prison.

4. If he (not, violate) a law some years ago, he (not, punish) then.

5. If he (not, punish) then, he (graduate) from college already.

6. If he (be) among us now, we (can, celebrate) his twentieth birthday yesterday.

7. If I (be) you, I (not, let) anybody spoil your relationship with him.

8. Don't worry, if it (rain), I (take) an umbrella. But there isn't a cloud in the sky.

9. If only she (be) here , she (help) us.

10. If only he (work) harder, he (can, get) a better job when he graduated from college.

b) Say what would have happened if things had been different.

1. Jane/ not to stay at home/ not feel so ill.

2. I was so angry. I see him/I ignore him.

3. He / speak to me/ I / not say anything.

4. The police / arrive quickly/ catch the burglar.

5. You listen to the radio/ hear this news.

Ex.10. Rewrite the sentences, using: a) I wish, b) if only

1. I'd like to have a new car.

2. I'd like to do it myself.

3. I'm sorry I failed my driving test.

4. It' a pity you didn't warn me about it.

5. I didn't know the results.

6. I want to study Law instead of computer programming.

Ex.11. Complete the sentences with the required form of the Verbals, the Subjunctive Mood, or Tenses in the Active or Passive Voice.

1. I remember (meet) her at a party a year ago. I wish I (meet) her again.

2. I remember her (say) she fell ill. It's important that she (recover) before we (arrive).

3. You've forgotten (ask) for my help. Suppose I (come), you (be) at home?

4. I regret (be) absent at that meeting. If I (be) there, I (learn) a lot of interesting.

5. She stopped (work) in the garden and (go) to the river to have a short rest.

6. The value of the dollar started (rise) in March. It's high time it (stop) (rise) already. It's important that the economic situation (change) for better in this country.

7. Peter the Great started (build) the city on the Neva river in 1703. But for him, the city, probably, never (build) at this place.

8. When my Korean host invited me to the restaurant, I (insist) on (pay) the bill. Unfortunately, it seems (to make) him very upset. I'd like to know if it (be) better for me, if the host (pay) the bill himself.

9. The man who told me to leave the mosque (look) quite angry. He said something about it (forbid) to film people at prayer and he kept (point) at my shoes.

10. He likes (go) to football and tennis matches because he (think) that they are very exciting. He usually speaks about them as if he (see) all the matches in the world.

11. I don't mind (spend) the weekend with the children, but I hate (stay) at home alone. I suggest (go) somewhere to the sea and insist on (you, go) with us.

12. Why do you avoid (see) me? – No, it’s you who tries (not, meet) me. I wish I (can, see) you every day.

13. Do you insist on (you, send) to the international conference? – Yes, it’s important for (I, send) there, as I (investigate) this problem for a long time, and know it quite well.

14. It’s desirable that she (be) calm and (show) no sign of (impress).

15. I was annoyed at (interrupt) every moment. I dislike his habit of (interrupt) people.

16. I hate (remind) him of his duties or (remind) of mine. I wish we (not, work) together.

17. The boss insisted on (discuss) this problem, but I think that the matter was not worth (speak) about.

18. I prefer to do things without (disturb) anyone or (disturb).

19. After (examine) by the doctor, my brother was admitted to the judo club. He insists on (I, join) this club too.

20. Jane was so eagerly looking forward to (give) the (lead) part in the performance that she couldn’t help (cry) at (not, offer) it. I am sure if she (give) this part, the performance (be) a success.

21. (Go) home for Christmas is a most cherished tradition of the holiday season. (Travel) abroad can be also exciting, but on Christmas Day it is more exciting (be) at home.

22. He is quite serious in (say) that he is leaving this place for good. I wish I (can) go with him.

23. A story (write) for a newspaper or a magazine (call) an article.

24. The police, despite a very careful enquiry, (be) still no nearer (discover) who the murder is.

25. It’s almost impossible for young people (leave) school (get) a job.

26. If the House of Parliament (not, burn) down in 1834, Big Ben never (erect).

27. If I (be) you, I (not, believe) that low-nicotine cigarettes are not harmful.

28. If people (take) more care of their health, they (give up) smoking and (keep) healthy diet.

29. A Festival for the Dead is said (hold) once a year in Japan, with people (sing) and (dance) all night long while they (wait) for the dead (return) to their homes.

Ex.12. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Во второй главе книги автор продолжает описывать развитие судебной системы в Великобритании и США.

2. Проанализировав уровень преступности в больших городах, он охарактеризовал политическую ситуацию в стране.

3. Не ожидая ответа, она вышла из комнаты, не сказав ни слова.

4. Чтобы поступить в аспирантуру нужно иметь высшее образование.

5. Говорят, он прекрасный ученый, сделавший ряд открытий в области физики.

6. Известно, что много серьезных преступлений совершено в этом городе в последнее время, и полиции будет трудно расследовать их.

7. Он думал, что управляющий предложит ему новую работу и не смог не спросить его об этом.

8. Кажется, экскурсия по городу начнется с осмотра достопримечательностей Лондонского Тауэра.

9. Знать страну значит знать историю народа этой страны, его литературу и искусство.

10. Я никогда не забуду, как сдавал вступительные экзамены в юридический колледж.

11. Заказав билеты на поезд, я пошел за покупками, оставив багаж в камере хранения.

12. Так как экзамены были трудными, все студенты серьезно готовились к ним.

b)

1. Если бы все люди были законопослушными, никто не совершал бы преступлений.

2. Если бы Вы лучше знали законы, Вы не нарушали бы их так часто.

3. Если бы у тебя были права на вождение машины, тебя бы не арестовала полиция.

4. Если бы адвокат лучше подготовился к судебному процессу, он, возможно, выиграл бы его.

5. Если бы они смогли доказать свою невиновность, они не были бы сейчас в тюрьме.

6. Теоретически Королева Великобритании могла бы отказать в королевской санкции законопроекту, который принят парламентом, но ни один монарх не делал этого с 1708 года.

7. Если бы не свидетельские показания, его вина не была бы доказана.

8. Если бы не настойчивость адвоката, его бы не оправдали в суде.

9. Как жаль, что я еще не опытный следователь. Я смог бы расследовать серьезные преступления.

10. Как жаль, что я не смог сдать экзамен по криминалистике. Мне не пришлось бы готовиться в нему еще раз.

11. Студенты лучше знали бы свою будущую специальность, если бы у них было больше практики.

12. Полиция смогла бы задержать преступника, если бы прибыла раньше.

13. Что бы Вы сделали, если бы обнаружили грабителя в своем доме?

14. Если бы ты помнил, что опасно вести машину в нетрезвом состоянии, ты бы остался дома, и ничего бы не случилось.

15. Если бы я решил строить дом, я бы взял деньги в кредит.

16. Преступление могло бы быть совершено, если бы полицейский покинул свой пост.

17. Полицейский смог бы опознать правонарушителя, если бы увидел его.

18. Важно, чтобы все люди помогали поддерживать общественный порядок.

19. Если бы не безразличие людей, человек был бы жив сейчас. Никого не было, кто бы мог помочь ему.

20. Если бы кто-нибудь вызвал скорую помощь, его бы прооперировали вовремя, и он смог бы помочь в раскрытии преступления.

21. Важно, чтобы люди помогали друг другу в трудные моменты жизни. Если бы это всегда было так, жизнь была бы прекрасна.

Ex. 13. Give the summary of the text in writing using the phrases on page… Discuss the information of the text.