- •Английский язык
- •Unit 1 Text a Starting a business
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Read and translate this text:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the following words:
- •V. Match up these words with the definitions below:
- •VI. We generally describe the economy as consisting of three sectors:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •Text b Business plan
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate this text:
- •Choose the right answer:
- •Read this letter and write an appropriate word below to fill each of the gap:
- •Substitute Russian words by English equivalents:
- •Text c Getting a credit
- •Read and translate this text in a written form:
- •Finish the sentences:
- •Read the dialogue between a bank manager and one of her customer:
- •Answer the questions:
- •I. Read the text and translate it into Russian: Budgeting
- •II. Put the terms into the box:
- •III. Irrevocable Letter of Credit
- •Look at the letter of credit. Read the explanations of the various sections below, and agree which explanation goes with which number in the document:
- •Translate this letter of credit into English:
- •Insurance
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the advertisement of an insurance firm and translate it into Russian:
- •Complete the words below to match the given meanings:
- •Mr. Smith has sent a claim form to his insurer after a fire at his restaurant. He receives the reply below. Complete the text with appropriate words from the box:
- •Bridge Insurance Ltd
- •124 Kew Gardens Road, London sw2 5hb
- •Look at the words used with the term claim; use the verbs to fill the gaps in the sentences below. Put the verbs into the correct form:
- •Which of the people below is being referred to in each of these sentences?
- •Match each of the ‘liability’ word partnerships with the appropriate definition:
- •Match the terms with its definitions:
- •Text c a Loan agreement
- •Read this text and translate it in a written form: Preamble, Amount of principle
- •Read the text and translate it into Russian:
- •Introduction to corporate taxation
- •Answer the questions:
- •True or False?
- •Text b Business organization
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the text and translate it into Russian: Types of business organization in the United Kingdom
- •Answer the questions:
- •True or False?
- •Text c a Loan Agreement
- •Unit 4 Text a Joint-Stock Company
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the text and translate it into Russian:
- •Insolvency problems
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Match the following sentences (1-11) with the words or phrases (a-k) on the right:
- •V The process of developing a corporate plan goes through several stages. Put the items (a-I) below in the correct place on the corporate plan:
- •VI.Translate into English:
- •Text b Organization structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate this text:
- •II Answer these questions:
- •III. Which of the following three paragraphs most accurately summarizes the text, and why?
- •Study the organization chart, then complete the description of the organization:
- •Unit 5 Text a Production
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the text and translate it into Russian:
- •Job production
- •Mass production
- •Batch production
- •Match the equivalents:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Match up these words with the definitions which follow:
- •Read the text below, and insert the words in the gaps:
- •Just-in-time production
- •Translate into English:
- •Text b Products and brands
- •Read the following text, and write a brief heading for each paragraph:
- •Answer these questions:
- •III Find words or expressions in the text which mean the following:
- •IV .Preparing a report
- •Read and complete the gaps using the following words:
- •VI Look at the words which can be used with the word ‘investment’ to make word partnerships, for example ‘capital investment’.
- •Role-play. Work in pairs to decide on the capital investment program. After you have decided, present it to the rest of the group.
- •Translate into English:
- •Text c a Loan Agreement
- •Unit 6 Text a Labour Unions
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate this text:
- •Industrial relations
- •Answer these questions:
- •Text b Who needs unions?
- •Read and translate this text:
- •II Answer these questions:
- •Find the words in the text which mean the following:
- •Translate into English:
- •Unit 7 Text a Preparation for negotiations
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate the following text about financial ratios:
- •Answer these questions:
- •Match the phrases on the left with a word or phrases on the right which means the same:
- •VI.Change the underlined words or phrases in the sentences below to other words or phrases that have a similar meaning. Choose them from the box:
- •Match each word with the correct definition:
- •Text b Business letter
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the following information on business letter:
- •Answer these questions:
- •Text c Types of business letters
- •Read and translate this text in a written form:
- •Read the following letters and match them with the type of the letter:
- •Unit 8 Text a Business Documents
- •Vocabulary
- •I Read and translate this text:
- •Invoice.
- •Answer these questions:
- •Read and translate this text:
- •II. Answer these questions:
- •III. Say whether the statements are true or false:
- •Insert the correct words in the appropriate spaces in the passage below:
- •Translate into English:
- •Text c The Bank of England
- •Содержание
Unit 4 Text a Joint-Stock Company
Vocabulary
Legal structure of business |
Правовая организация бизнеса |
Joint-stock company |
Акционерное общество |
Legal person |
Юридическое лицо |
Natural person |
Физическое лицо |
Clause |
Статья (договора) |
Company’s name |
Название компании |
Private company |
Частная компания |
Public company |
Государственная компания |
Registered office |
Официальный адрес правления компании |
Apply for registration |
Подать заявление на регистрацию |
Objects |
Цель (образования компании) |
Capital |
Капитал |
Company’s authorized capital |
Уставной капитал (фонд) компании |
Fixed nominal value |
Установленная номинальная стоимость |
Subscribers |
Подписчики (капитала) |
Articles of association |
Устав акционерного общества |
Bind (v) |
Обязывать |
Resign (v) |
Подать в отставку |
Re-election |
Переизбрание |
Trustee |
Доверительное лицо |
Managing director |
Генеральный директор |
Chairman |
Председатель (правления) |
Run an organization |
Управлять организацией |
Top management |
Высшее исполнительное руководство |
(Managing) board |
Правление |
Extraordinary general meeting |
Внеочередное собрание акционеров |
Incorporation |
Регистрация компании |
Paid-up share capital |
Полностью оплаченный акционерный капитал |
Convene the meeting |
Созывать собрание |
Non-profit making |
Некоммерческое производство |
Debentures |
Долговое обязательство |
Holding company |
Холдинг |
Limited partner |
Партнер с ограниченной имущественной ответственностью |
Deed of partnership |
Акт о товариществе |
Sleeping partner |
Негласный партнер |
Dissolution |
Роспуск |
Realization account |
Счет реализации |
Indebtedness |
Задолженность |
Insolvency |
Неплатежеспособность |
Winding-up |
Ликвидация |
Compulsory liquidation |
Принудительная ликвидация |
Voluntary liquidation |
Добровольная ликвидация |
Liquidation committee (commission) |
Ликвидационная комиссия |
Read the text and translate it into Russian:
There are two steps to be taken before starting your business:
you must first choose its legal form
and then legally incorporate it
Choosing the legal structure of the business is the crucial step in the decisions you will have to make. Your choice will affect daily operations of the business, the taxes to be paid and the degree of liability of the entrepreneur and of any partners he may have.
It is important to choose the legal form that will enable your business to develop, while taking into consideration the activities to be taken on. Your notary, lawyer or accountant can help you make the right choice.
The most popular form of business is a joint-stock company, also called a company or corporation, a joint-stock company is a ‘legal person’. This means that the company itself has rights and powers separate and different from those of the natural or legal persons who compose it and are its shareholders. A joint-stock company has its own assets and incurs its own debts. The liability of the shareholders is limited to their investment.
Once you set up a joint-stock company, you need to prepare its Memorandum of association, which must contain the following clauses:
The company’s name (Clause 1)
A company is only a legal person but, like a human being, it must have a name…..
The final words of the name – generally. A private company whether limited by shares or guarantee, must end its name with the word ‘limited’. A public company must end its name with the words ‘public limited company’. The short forms – ‘Ltd’ and ‘plc’ – are allowed. These words or their short forms, must not appear elsewhere in the name.
Registered office (Clause 2)
There is only a statement that the registered office is situated in England. The actual address is not given but, as we have seen, it is filed with the Registrar when applying for registration.
The actual address can be changed by an ordinary resolution of the members. This requires a 51 per cent majority.
Objects (Clause 3) Generally
This clause lists the things which the company can do. If it enters into a transaction which is not included in the clause, that transaction will at common law be ultra vires (that is, beyond its powers) and void (that is, of no effect).
Limitation of liability (Clause 4)
This clause simply states that the liability of the membership is limited.
Capital (Clause 5)
This clause must state the amount of the company’s authorized capital and its division into fixed nominal value.
Association clause
Finally, there is an association clause which states that the subscribers wish to be formed into a company and that they agree to take the shares opposite their names.
Articles of Association
The second major document, governing the company is the articles of association. The articles together with memorandum when registered are a contract which binds the company and its members as if signed and sealed by each member.
It contains the shareholders’ rights and the amount of shares; regulations and procedures on general meeting and the list of the directors and their rights and duties. There are also stated different questions related to the regulation of the company.