Книги / Основи військового перекладу

Чим відрізняється підготовка офіцерів від загальної ПВП?

Що Вас чекає по закінченні ПВП?

Training at all levels is designed to make men and women into Marines. Training for enlisted recruits is more mentally oriented. Officer training tends to be more physically demanding and leadershiporiented.

You will receive some time off! After your time off, you will begin more advanced combat training and basic skills training for your Military Occupational Specialty (MOS).

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Глава 5 Військово-спеціальна підготовка

Військово-професійна тематика

Стройова підготовка

Фізична підготовка

Основи радіообміну

Захист від зброї масового ураження

Топографічна підготовка

Штаби та бойові документи

Теоретичний аспект

Переклад багатокомпонентних термінів

Переклад багатозначних термінів

Переклад офіційних документів

Навички й уміння

Формування навички стилю

Розвинення навички усного послідовного і двостороннього перекладу

Розвинення навички письмового перекладу

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Lesson 18

Drill and Ceremonies

	Active terms and expressions

drill	стройова підготовка
ceremonies	військові ритуали (паради, марші,
	урочисті заходи)
base	база (елемент строю, що слугує
	основою для управління рухом)
column	колона; похідний стрій
depth	глибина строю
distance	дистанція
element	елемент строю; стройова одиниця
file	ряд строю; колона по одному
flank	фланг строю
formation	стрій
syn. ranks
line	розгорнутий стрій
front	фронт строю
interval	інтервал
rank	шеренга
guide	напрямний
head	голова колони
pace	довжина кроку
step	крок
full ~	повний ~
half ~	півкроку ~
full step	повний крок
half step	півкроку
review	стройовий огляд
syn. in-ranks inspection
parade	парад
honor guard	почесна варта

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reveille	урочисте шикування для підйому
	прапора
retreat	урочисте шикування для спуску
	прапора
artillery salute	артилерійський салют
cohesion	стройова злагодженість
the manual of arms	стройові прийоми зі зброєю
march v.	крокувати; марширувати
~ in place v.	~ на місці
~ in step v.	~ в ногу
~ out of step v.	~ не в ногу
march in place v.	крокувати на місці
march in step v.	крокувати/іти в ногу
march out of step v.	крокувати/іти не в ногу
alignment	рівняння в шеренгах і колонах
command	команда
drill ~	стройова ~
two-part ~	двоскладова ~
combined ~	комбінована ~
supplementary ~	додаткова ~
mass ~	колективна ~
preparatory ~	підготовча ~
~ of execution	виконавча ~
drill command	стройова команда
two-part command	двоскладова команда
combined command	комбінована команда
supplementary command	додаткова команда
mass command	колективна команда (подається під
	загальний рахунок тих, хто
	навчається)
preparatory command	підготовча команда
command of execution	виконавча команда
directive	розпорядження
cadence	1. темп/ритм руху (кроком/бігом)
	2. ритмічність (руху або команди)

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count cadence v.	відраховувати темп
maintain cadence v.	підтримувати ритмічність (руху або
	команди)
position of attention	стройове положення [за командою
	“струнко”]; стройова стійка
hand salute	військове вітання (з прикладанням
	руки до головного убору або голови)
salute v.	віддавати військове вітання
facing	повороти
quick time	рух стройовим кроком (120 кроків за
	хвилину)
double time	рух бігом (180 кроків за хвилину)
post of a commander	місце (положення) командира в строю
abreast	розміщення на одній лінії (у шеренгах)
команди, що подаються на місці
AT MY COMMAND	СЛУХАЙ МОЮ КОМАНДУ
AT YOUR COMMAND	ЗА ВАШОЮ КОМАНДОЮ
TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR	ПІДРОЗДІЛ У ВАШОМУ
UNIT	РОЗПОРЯДЖЕННІ
ATTENTION	СТРУНКО
AS YOU WERE	ВІДСТАВИТИ
FALL IN	СТАВАЙ
AT EASE	ВІЛЬНО
REST	ЗАПРАВИТИСЬ
FALL OUT	РОЗІЙДИСЬ (військовослужбовці
	перебувають поряд з місцем
	проведення занять/заходів)
DISMISSED	РОЗІЙДИСЬ (військовослужбовці
	можуть залишити місце проведення
	занять/заходів та)
Dress right, DRESS	Праворуч − РІВНЯЙСЬ
Dress left, DRESS	Ліворуч − РІВНЯЙСЬ
Ready, FRONT	СТРУНКО
Eyes, RIGHT	Рівняння − ПРАВОРУЧ

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Eyes, LEFT	Рівняння - ЛІВОРУЧ
Eyes, FRONT	Рівняння - ДО СЕРЕДИНИ
Right, FACE	Право-РУЧ (на місці)
Left, FACE	Ліво-РУЧ (на місці)
About, FACE	Кру-ГОМ (на місці)
Present, ARMS	1. Військове вітання – ВІДДАТИ
	2. Зброєю – ЧЕСТЬ (зі зброєю)
Order, ARMS	1. Стройову стійку – ПРИЙНЯТИ
	2. До но-ГИ (зі зброєю)
Count, OFF	За порядком номерів, РАХУЙСЬ
By twos, NUMBER	На перший-другий, РАХУЙСЬ
Right step, MARCH	Крок праворуч, кроком – РУШ
Left step, MARCH	Крок ліворуч, кроком – РУШ
Mark time, MARCH	На місці, кроком – РУШ
In place, double time, MARCH	На місці, бігом – РУШ
Forward, MARCH	Кроком – РУШ
Double time, MARCH	Бігом – РУШ
команди, що подаються під час руху
Route step, MARCH	Похідним кроком, РУШ; ІТИ НЕ В
	НОГУ
Change step, MARCH	ЗМІНИТИ НОГУ
Half step, MARCH	ПІВКРОКУ; КОРОТШИЙ КРОК
Right flank, MARCH	Право-РУЧ (під час руху)
Left flank, MARCH	Ліво-РУЧ (під час руху)
Rear, MARCH	Кругом – РУШ
Squad, HALT	Відділення – СТІЙ
At ease, MARCH	ВІЛЬНО (під час руху)
команди на виконання стройових прийомів зі зброєю
Inspection, ARMS	Зброю – ДО ОГЛЯДУ
Port, ARMS	На-ГРУДИ
Present, ARMS	Зброєю – ЧЕСТЬ
Order, ARMS	До но-ГИ
Right shoulder, ARMS	На праве пле-ЧЕ

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Left shoulder, ARMS	На ліве пле-ЧЕ
Sling, ARMS	На ре-МІНЬ
Adjust, SLINGS	Зброю – ПРИПАСУВАТИ
Fix, BAYONETS	Багнети – ПРИМКНУТИ
	*****
to assume the position of	прийняти стройове положення
attention
to begin with the left foot	починати рух з лівої ноги
to call the unit to attention	подавати	[підрозділу] команду
	“Cтрунко”
to exchange salutes	віддавати	військове вітання один
	одному
to face in marching	здійснювати повороти під час руху

	Prepare translation of the main text

Drill and Ceremonies54

General

Drill starts the day a man enters the Armed Forces. Some of the drill terms are: base, column, depth, distance, element, file, flank, formation, front, guide, head, interval, line, pace, rank, and step. The purpose of drill is to enable a commander to move his unit from one place to another in an orderly manner; aid in disciplinary training by instilling habits of precision and response to the leader’s orders; provide a means of enhancing the morale of troops; provide for the development of all soldiers in the practice of commanding troops.

Ceremonies (reviews, parades, honor guards, retreats, reveilles, artillery salutes, funerals etc.) are formations and movements in which troops execute movements in unison and with precision just as in drill. However, their primary value is to render honors, preserve tradition, stimulate esprit de corps, enhance the morale of troops, and develop cohesion.

54 Source: FM 22-5 Drill and Ceremonies. – Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington DC, 1986. – 256 p.

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Drills give junior officers and NCOs practice in commanding troops. Stress should be placed on precision in execution of the manual of arms and in marching in step with proper alignment.

There are three methods of instruction used to teach drill to soldiers: step-by-step, talk-through, and by-the-numbers. As a rule, marching movements are taught by using the step-by-step method. Movements that require numerous or simultaneous actions by an individual or unit are best taught by the talk-through method. Movements that have two or more counts are taught by using the by-the-numbers method. Each movement (regardless of the method used) should be presented using three teaching stages: explanation, demonstration, and practice.

Drill Commands

A drill command is an oral order of a commander or leader. All drill commands can be divided into two-part commands, combined commands, supplementary commands, mass commands and directives.

Most drill commands are two-part commands: the preparatory command and the command of execution. Neither part of a two-part command is a command by itself. (The command Ready, aim, FIRE, is considered to be a two-part command even though it contains two preparatory commands.) The preparatory command states the movement to be carried out and mentally prepares the soldier for its execution. The command of execution tells when the movement is to be carried out. In the command Forward, MARCH, the preparatory command is Forward, and the command of execution is MARCH. For ease in distinguishing a preparatory command from a command of execution, the commands of execution are normally printed in BOLD CAP letters and preparatory commands are printed in Bold Italic letters55.

In some commands, the preparatory command and the command of execution are combined: FALL IN, AT EASE, REST. These combined commands are given without inflection and at a uniformly high pitch and loudness comparable to that for a normal command of execution.

Supplementary commands are oral orders given by a subordinate leader that reinforce and complement a commander’s order. They ensure proper understanding and execution of a movement. It is normally given between the preparatory command and the command of execution.

Mass commands may be used to develop confidence and promote enthusiasm. They are definitely effective in developing a command voice when instructing a leadership course. When the instructor wants the unit to

55 FM 22-5 Drill and Ceremonies. – P. III.

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use mass commands, he commands AT YOUR COMMAND. The instructor gives a supplementary command describing the movement to be performed (for example, face the platoon to the right) and the command of execution – COMMAND. When the instructor says COMMAND, all personnel in the unit give the command Right, FACE, in unison, and simultaneously execute the movement. When the instructor wants to stop mass commands, he commands AT MY COMMAND. The normal method of drilling is then resumed.

Directives are oral orders given by the commander that direct or cause a subordinate leader to take action. The commander gives directives rather than commands when it is more appropriate for subordinate elements to execute a movement or perform a task as independent elements of the same formation. Directives are given in sentence form and are normally prefixed by the terms HAVE YOUR UNITS or BRING YOUR UNITS (for example: BRING YOUR UNITS TO PRESENT ARMS). TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR UNIT is the only directive on which a commander relinquishes his command and on which salutes are exchanged.

The commander gives the command AS YOU WERE to revoke a preparatory command that he has given. The command AS YOU WERE must be given prior to the command of execution. The commander cannot cancel the command of execution with AS YOU WERE. If an improper command is not revoked, the personnel execute the movement in the best manner possible.

Cadence. The term "cadence" has several meanings in drill. It is the uniform rhythm in which the movement is executed. It is also the number of steps or counts per minute at which a movement is executed. Cadence, in commands, means a uniform and rhythmic flow of words.

To enable the soldier to learn or maintain cadence and develop rhythm, the instructor should have the soldier count cadence while marching. To count cadence while marching at quick time, the instructor gives the preparatory command, Count cadence, as the left foot strikes the marching surface, and the command of execution, COUNT, the next time the left foot strikes the marching surface. The soldier begins to count the next time the left foot strikes the marching surface and counts as each foot strikes the marching surface: ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR; ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR. To count cadence while double timing, the procedures are basically the same, except the soldier only counts each time the left foot strikes the marching surface. To maintain cadence when marching, soldiers will be allowed to sing, or a drummer’s beat may provide cadence.

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Positions of Attention and Rest

Assume the position of attention on the command FALL IN or the command Squad (platoon), ATTENTION. To assume this position, bring the heels together sharply on line, with the toes pointing out equally, forming an angle of 45 degrees. Rest the weight of the body evenly on the heels and balls of both feet. Keep the legs straight without locking the knees. Hold the body erect with the hips level, chest lifted and arched, and the shoulders square. Keep the head erect and face straight to the front with the chin drawn in so that alignment of the head and neck is vertical. Let the arms hang straight without stiffness. Curl the fingers so that the tips of the thumbs are alongside and touching the first joint of the forefingers. Keep the thumbs straight along the seams of the trouser leg with the first joint of the fingers touching the trousers. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed.

To align elements the commands Dress right (left), DRESS; ready, FRONT are given. The commands Eyes, RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT) may follow. The commands for counting off are Count, OFF, or By twos,

NUMBER.

All rests are executed from the halt. On the command AT EASE, silence is required but one may move; on the command REST, one may move, talk, smoke, or drink unless otherwise directed. On the command FALL OUT, the soldier may leave the ranks but is required to remain in the immediate area. To dismiss the men the command DISMISSED is given.

Hand Salute

The hand salute is a one-count movement. The command is Present, ARMS. On the command of execution ARMS the right hand is smartly raised until the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headdress or forehead above. The hand and wrist are straight, the elbow inclined slightly forward, and the upper arm horizontal. Order arms from the hand salute is performed on command Order, ARMS. On the command of execution ARMS return the hand sharply to the side, resuming the position of attention.

When reporting or rendering courtesy to an individual, turn the head and eyes toward the person addressed and simultaneously salute. In this situation, the actions are executed without command. The salute is initiated by the subordinate at the appropriate time and terminated upon acknowledgment.

The hand salute may be executed while marching. It is executed six paces away from the person saluted. Hold salute until the person saluted has passed or the salute is returned. When double timing, a soldier must come to

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