10 Fill in the gaps with derivatives of the words in capitals: clay bricks Part II

Figure 3.2.Moulds for handmade bricks In pallet moulding, a stock board, the size of the bed face of the brick, is 1) _____ to the bench. The mould fits loosely over the stock board, and is adjusted in 2) _____ to give appropriate thickness to the green brick. The mould and board are sanded to ease removal of the green brick which, is produced with a frog or 3) _____ on one face. In the case of slop moulding, the stock mould is placed directly on the bench, and is usually wetted rather than sanded to allow removal of the green brick which, 4) _____ the pallet moulded brick, is smooth on both bed faces (Fig. 3.2). To prevent cracking and distortion during the firing process, green bricks produced from wet clays must be allowed to dry out and shrink. 5) _____ is typically 10% on each dimension depending upon the moisture content. Drying temperatures and 6) _____ levels are carefully controlled to ensure shrinkage without distortion. Both intermittent and continuous kilns are 7) _____ for firing bricks. The former is a batch process in which the single kiln is loaded, fired, 8) _____ and unloaded. In continuous kilns, the 9) _____ process is always active; either the green bricks are moved through a fixed firing zone, or the fire is gradually moved around a series of 10) _____ chambers to the unfired bricks. Both continuous systems are more energy efficient than the intermittent processes.

FIX HIGH DEPRESS LIKE SHRINK HUMID USE COOL FIRE CONNECT

11 Fill in the gaps in the following passage with a suitable preposition given below: clay bricks Part III

Damaged or cracked bricks are removed prior 1) _____ packing. Most bricks are now banded and shrink-wrapped 2) _____ packs of between 300 and 500, 3) _____ easy transportation by forklift truck and specialist road vehicles. Special shapes are frequently shrink-wrapped 4) _____ wooden pallets.

To meet the consistent standards 5) _____ quality required 6) _____ clients, many brick manufacturers are now operating quality assurance systems. These require manufacturers to document all their operational procedures and set 7) _____ standards to which products must adhere. Quality is controlled 8) _____ a combination 9) _____ an internal self-monitoring system and two 10) _____ four independent spot-check reviews per year.

by (x2) for into of (x2) onto out to (x2)

12 Look at the text, separate the words to make sense: clay brick paving

1. Manyclaybrickmanufacturersproducearangeofplainandchamferedpavingbricks.

2. Bricksforflexiblepavingareusuallynibbedtosetthespacingcorrectly.

3. Typicalpatternsincludeherringbonerunningbondstackbondbasket-weaveand theuseofbordersandbands(Figure3.3).

4. Profiledbrickdesignsincludedecorativediamondandchocolate-barpatternsandpedestrian-managementtexturing.

5. Thepavingbricksmaybelaidonahardbasewithmortarjointsoralternativelyonaflexiblebase withfinesandbrushedbetweenthepavers.

6. Edgerestraintisnecessarytopreventlateralspreadoftheunits.

(From “Materials for Architects and Builders”)

Figure 3.3 Typical range of clay pavers.

Photographs: Courtesy of Baggeridge Brick plc