10 Fill in the gaps with derivatives of the words in capitals:

Marble is metamorphosed limestone in which the calcium carbonate has been recrystallised into a mosaic of approximately equal-sized calcite crystals. The process, if complete, will remove all traces of fossils, the size of the crystals being 1) _____ dependent on the duration of the process. Some limestones which can be 2)_____ are 3)_____ as marble, but true marble will not contain any fossillised remains. Calcite itself is white, so a pure marble is white and translucent. The colour sand veining characteristics of many marbles are associated with impurities within the 4)_____ limestone; they range from red, pink, violet, brown, green, beige, cream and white to grey and black. Marble is attacked by acids; therefore honed, rather than 5)_____ surfaces, are recommended for external 6) _____. Marbles are generally hard and dense, although fissures and veins sometimes require filling with epoxy resins. For external 7) _____ above first floor level 40-mm-thick slabs are used, although 20 mm may be appropriate for internal linings and external cladding up to first floor level. 8)_____ cramps and hooks should be in 9) _____ steel, phosphor bronze or copper. Floors labs, to a minimum 10)_____ of 30 mm, should be laid on a minimum 25 mm bed. Marble wall and bathroom floor tiles are usually between 7 mm and 10 mm in thickness. (From “Materials for Architects and Builders”)

LARGE

POLISH

SELL

ORIGIN

HIGH

APPLY

CLAD

FIX

STAIN

THICK

11 Fill in the gaps in the following passage with a suitable preposition given below:

Granite is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granite has a medium to coarse texture, occasionally 1) _____ some individual crystals larger than the groundmass forming a rock known as porphyry. Granites can be pink 2) _____ dark gray or even black, depending 3) _____ their chemistry and mineralogy. Outcrops of granite tend to form tors, and rounded massifs. Granites sometimes occur 4) _____ circular depressions surrounded 5) _____ a range of hills, formed 6) _____ the metamorphic aureole or hornfels.

Granite is an igneous rock and is formed 7) _____ magma. Granitic magma has many potential origins but it must intrude other rocks. Most granite intrusions are emplaced 8) _____ depth 9) _____ the crust, usually greater than 1.5 kilometers and 10) _____ 50 km depth within thick continental crust.

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