10 Fill in the gaps with derivatives of the words in capitals:

Wood stain is a product 1)_____for protecting wooden surfaces and giving them a decorative finish. Wood staining can be used to obtain the desired colour, to accentuate the 2)_____ beauty and texture of the wood, to imitate precious wood or conceal blue stain damage and other 3)_____. In 4)_____ to that, wood stains are used for protective purposes. The stains for surfaces indoors help to prevent 5)_____ caused by the UV 6)_____; the stains for surfaces outdoors also protect the wood from the adverse effects of weather. Most of wood 7)_____ are transparent or semi-transparent and only tone the wood without masking it, but 8)_____ opaque, fully masking stains are also available. However, even opaque stains leave the texture of the wood visible. Stains are available in a 9)_____of tones from 10) _____wood tones to various bright modern colours.

DESIGN NATURE DEFECT ADD YELLOW RADIATE STAIN NEAR VARY TRADITION

11 Fill in the gaps in the following passage with a suitable preposition given below:

PIGMENT

Two different types of pigment go 1) _____ a can of paint. First are “prime” pigments. These provide color and hide. Second are low-cost “extender” pigments. 2) _____ comparison, they add bulk 3) _____ the product, but have little value as it relates 4) _____ color.

Higher-quality paints have more 5) _____ the all-important, yet more expensive prime pigments – all the things that 6) _____ the end give you easier application as well as better durability and color retention.

Pigments are defined as any insoluble solid 7) _____ coating materials. They are typically the colorant portion 8) _____ a coating material, but can also perform other functions.

Some pigments provide corrosion protection, stability in ultraviolet (UV) light, or protection 9) _____ mold, mildew or bacteria. Others can be used 10) _____ conductive ability, texture, or metallic or pearlescent appearance.

by from for in(x2) into of(x2) to(x2)

12. Correct 10 mistakes, both spelling and grammar. Translate the text in a written form:

Varnishes

Varnish is resin dissolved in turpentine or in a mixture of turpentine and a drying oil such as linseed oil. There is several resins available with which to make a varnish, and the selection of a resin is guided by use.

Picture Vanish is used as a final coating for a painting to protect the picture and unify the appearance of the surface. It can, for example, make the surface appear either matte or shine, or protect the paint film from chemical reactions with the atmosphere and from mechanical abrasion. Retouch Varnish is using to give a full and wet look to the surface of the unfinished painting before work is resumed. This prevent the eye from been fooled by the unevenness of the light reflected from parts of the painting's surface.

Mixing Varnish is use as an additive to the painting medium to accelerate the drying time, to add gloss, and to given body to a glaze.

Isolating Varnish is a resin that is soluble in turpentine or mineral spirits. When this varnish is applied to a paint film, it will protects it from being affected by the turpentine or mineral spirits in the next layer of paint to be applied.