Техника перевода

Полезно соблюдать определенный алгоритм действий:

1. Прежде чем начать перевод, внимательно прочитайте весь текст, поймите его содержание.

2. Прочитайте текст вторично, разбив его на небольшие части.

3. Перевод предложений начинайте со сказуемого и подлежащего:

Глагол-сказуемое обычно стоит на втором месте. Запомните способы нахождения сказуемого:

а) по личным местоимениям;

б) по неправильным глаголам;

в) по вспомогательным и модальным глаголам в личной форме;

г) по суффиксу - (е) s

д) по суффиксу – (e) d

Подлежащее находится слева от сказуемого. Помните, что существительные могут быть подлежащим только без предлога перед ним.

4. Найдите значения новых слов в словаре.

5. Внимательно присмотритесь к словам, имеющим знакомые вам английские, латинские или интернациональные корни, суффиксы и префиксы. Попытайтесь установить значения этих слов, обращая внимание на то, какой частью речи являются такие слова, а затем подбирайте соответствующее русское слово.

6. Помните, что в научном тексте часть слов может быть опущена без ущерба содержания.

7. Отличайте определение от определяемого слова (группа с существительным в конце)

8. Слова, оставшиеся непонятными, ищите в словаре, соотнося их значение с контекстом.

I. Прочтите и переведите текст устно.

Autism A utism is a complex biological disorder that generally lasts throughout a person’s life. It is called a developmental disability because it starts before age three, in the developmental period, and causes delays or problems with many different ways in which a person develops or grows. In most cases, autism causes problems with: • Communication, both verbal (spoken) and nonverbal (unspoken) • Social interactions with other people, both physical (such as hugging or holding) and verbal (such as having a conversation) • Routines or repetitive behaviors, like repeating words or actions over and over, obsessively following routines or schedules for their actions, or having very specific ways of arranging their belongings The symptoms of the disorder cut off people with autism from the world around them. Children with autism may not want their mothers to hold them. Adults with autism may not look others in the eye. Some people with autism never learn how to talk. These behaviors not only make life difficult for people who have autism, but also make life hard for their families, their health care providers, their teachers, and anyone who comes in contact with them. Autism is a complex disorder that affects people differently. Because people with autism have a lot of similarities and differences, doctors now think of autism as a “spectrum” disorder; so rather than being just one condition, autism is a group of conditions with a range of similar features. Doctors use the term “autism spectrum disorder (ASD)” to describe people with mild symptoms, severe symptoms, or symptoms that fall anywhere in between.

II. Выберите из текста предложения, в которых используются модальные глаголы, выпишите их и переведите на русский язык.

III. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. сложное биологическое расстройство

2. жизнь человека

3. аутизм вызывает проблемы

4. многократное повторение слов

5. период развития

IV. Выберите утверждения, которые соответствуют данному тексту:

1. Some people with autism never learn how to talk.

2. Autism is a complex biological disorder that generally lasts only for a short period of a person’s life.

3. The symptoms of the disorder cut off people with autism from the world around them.

4. Autism is a complex disorder that affects people similarly.

V. Подберите синонимы к следующим словам:

1. verbal

2. different

3. to cause

VI. Гуманитарный аспект

Прочитайте текст и передайте его содержание на русском языке:

_{THE HOT DOG}

What do you see in the picture? What kind of dog is it? Do you like hot dogs?

In its home country of Germany, the hot dog was called the frankfurter. It was named after Frankfurt, a German city.

Frankfurters were first sold in the United States the 1860s. Americans called frankfurters "dachshund sausages." A dachshund is a dog from Germany with a very long body and short legs. "Dachshund sausage" seemed like a good name for the frankfurter.

Dachshund sausages first became popular in New York, especially at baseball games. At games they were sold by men who kept them warm in hot-water tanks. As the men walked up and down the rows of people, they yelled, "Get your dachshund sausages! Get your hot dachshund sausages!" People got the sausages on buns, special bread.

One day in 1906 a newspaper cartoonist named Tad Dorgan went to a baseball game. When he saw the men with the dachshund sausages, he got an idea for a cartoon. The next day at the newspaper office he drew a bun with a dachshund inside—not a dachshund sausage, but a dachshund. Dorgan didn't know how to spell dachshund. Under the cartoon, he wrote "Get your hot dogs!"

The cartoon was a sensation, and so was the new name. If you go to a baseball game today, you can still see sellers walking around with hot-water tanks. As they walk up and down the rows they yell, "Get your hot dogs here! Get your hot dogs!"

*IX. Соедините понятие с его определением:

1. atrophy

2. hematoma

3. malaise

4. polyp

5. abscess

a) a localized accumulation of pus in a cavity formed by tissue disintegration

b) a mass of blood in the tissue as a result of trauma or other factors that cause the rupture of blood vessels

c) a smooth, pedunculated growth from a mucous surface such as from the nose, bladder or rectum

d) a general feeling of discomfort or uneasiness or other disease

e) a progressive, acquired decrease in the size of a normally developed cell, tissue, or organ