3. Topical vocabulary

1.	to differ	ажырату, айыру
2.	to release	босату
3.	shrine	қасиетті орын (жер)
4.	image	бейне, көшірме
5.	bow and arrows	садақ пен жебелер
6.	priest	діндар (священник)
7.	to threw in prison	түрмеге отырғызу
8.	to be beheaded	басын кесу, басын алу
9.	a jailer	түрмедегі адам
10.	to cure	емдеу
11.	blindness	соқырлық
12.	to execute	жазалау, өлім жазасын орындау
13.	a farewell letter	қоштасу хаты
14.	a cell	камера
15.	contrary to the law	заңға қарсы
16.	to burn at the stake	отқа өртеу
17.	odd	тақ, жұпсыз
18.	to destine	алдын ала анықтау,тағайындап қою

Ex.1. Read the text and make a comparison with your country’s holidays.

Ex.2. Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers.

1. People in Moslem societies, for example, celebrate the New Year by wearing new clothes.

2. Jewish people consider the day holy, and hold a religious ceremony at a meal with special foods.

3. Japanese prepare rice cakes at a social event the week before the New Year.

4. Valentine, a Christian priest, had been thrown in prison for his teachings.

5. Young men randomly chose the name of a young girl to escort to the festivities.

6. Americans of all ages love to send and receive valentines.

7. On February 14, the teacher opens the box and distributes the valentines to each student.

8. The message is printed in a special section of the newspaper on February 14.

Ex.3. Suggest the Kazakh equivalents.

throughout history, according to customs, by wearing new clothes, to hold a religious ceremony, to expect a new life, to promise ourselves to do better, everyone believe in the Roman gods, he had performed a miracle, secretly married couples, a lot of thought, in a large decorated box, similar to a mailbox, an acquaintance or even a spouse.

Ex.4. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding words from the texts.

1. (Жаңа жылдың басы) has been welcomed on different dates throughout history.

2. Southeast Asians (құстарды босатады) and turtles to assure themselves (сәттілік) in the twelve months ahead.

3. We wish each other good luck and (барлық жақсысын жасауға өзімізге сөз береміз) in the following year.

4. He (шамасы) the jailer's daughter of her blindness.

5. Another Valentine was an Italian (епископ) who lived at about the same time.

6. The custom of choosing a sweetheart on this date (тарады) through Europe in the Middle Ages.

7. If the sender is (ұялшақ), valentines can be anonymous.

8. Anyone can send in a message, for a small fee of course, (арналған) for a would-be sweetheart, a good friend, an (таныс) or even a (жұбайына) of fifty years.