3. Translate the sentences into English.

Гроші –загальнийеквівалент вартості товарів та послуг. Гроші виконують функції мірила вартості та засобу обігу. Крім того, вони є засобами нагромадження (storingup)іплатежу. З утворенням світового ринку деякі національні гроші виконують функції світових.

Із найдавніших часів грішми слугували різні товари: хутро звірів, металеві сокири, мушлі тощо. Однак завдяки своїм фізичним властивостям найбільшуживаним загальним еквівалентом вартості дуже швидко стають благородні метали: золото та срібло. Згодом вони набувають форми монет.

Гроші виконують низку важливих функцій: засіб нагромадження, міра вартості, засіб обігу, засіб платежу.

Світові гроші – це функція, у якій гроші обслуговують рух вартості в міжнародному економічному обігу та забезпечують реалізацію взаємовідносин між країнами.

4. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.

Traditionally, banks have aimed their advertisements (advertise) at those with plenty of money. ___________ (increase), however, banks today are trying to attract younger and younger __________ (consume) – people like you! The idea behind it is that if they can get you young enough, they will be able to depend on your _________ (loyal) for the rest of your life. And there is so much _________ (compete) between the different banks that they will try almost anything to get their hands on your _________ (save). So be prepared for their free offers. They will tempt you with anything from holidays to _________ (fashion) items of clothing. One high street bank is even offering a __________ (style) stereo system to all first-time customers. That’s not a bad return on your ________ (invest)! And there’s another good reason to put your money in the bank – free __________ (finance) advice. You never know when you might need that!

5. Read the conversations below and guess the meanings of the phrases in bold. Match them with the definitions after the dialogues.

A:

– How much for this T-shirt?

– 100 $.

– One hundred bucks for a lousy T-shirt?!! That’s what they call a rip-off!

– Take it or leave it.

B:

– Honey, when are we going to buy a new car? Our old Volvo is on its last legs!

– Darling, you know we can’t afford a new car right now. We have so many debts!

C:

– You did this job perfectly! How much do I owe you?

– $ 100 in total and $ 95 with a discount.

D:

– We bought this house for $ 50 000 and I call it a bargain.

– Oh, yeah, it’s quite cheap!

E:

– I bought a pair of shoes last week, but they didn’t fit, so I took them back to the shop and they gave me a refund.

– Poor you.

1. The money you should return.

2. An amount of money taken off a price.

3. An advantageous purchase.

4. Have means to buy something.

5. Be obliged to pay.

6. Low in price.

7. Unreasonably expensive.

8. Money returned to a payer.

BLOCK III

1. Read the text and do the tasks given after it. Making a Million

Ready to take your steps down the road to independence? Then take advice of these young millionaires all under 30. They know what it takes to succeed.

Marc Maiffret was once a seventeen-year-old who hated going to school and turned to hacking out of boredom. Now twenty-one, he has made a fortune out computer security. “The thing I am happy about is that my biggest passion in love is something that actually makes a good business”, says Maiffret. So what advice does Marc have for young people? “Be ready to work a lot. If you are younger, it is harder to impress people. You’d better be ready to make your own focus and know what you want to achieve. You’ve still got to have fun and make time for that, but it takes a lot of hard work and a lot of dedication”, he says.

Rather than going high-tech, Mike Becker went in the opposite direction. As a teenager, he collected toys and items from his childhood. “I knew there were people like me out there so I set up a cool little business based on what I love”, he says. Becker decided to bring back the bobblehead (a plastic toy that you wear on your head) and invested his savings of $ 35,000 in his business. His company now makes around $ 2 million a year. “Be very clear about what it is you are selling. Ask yourself whether there is a market for it. Be prepared to extend your range of abilities”, Becker advises. “Everyone comes across a good idea in their life, but they seldom do anything about it. It’s really about putting things into practice”.

The good idea that Andy Wolf came up with was the snowskate. “If you snowboard”, he says, “you are surrounded by snow and you can’t do skateboard tricks. I wanted to do both, so I came up with the snowskate. It’s like a snowboard you don’t tie to your feet”. His product is becoming so popular that mountain resorts are starting to build snowskate parks. His advice? “There are definitely set ideas on how you should run a business. Not all those things are right. Believe in yourself and don’t give up. You have to have a plan and stick to it”.

Sport has made Robert Tuchman well off, but he started with nothing. After university, he couldn’t find a job in television, so he worked in advertising. “What companies really wanted was to take their clients to sporting events. I established a business to do that. We now make around $ 10 million a year. If you want to be successful, you’ve got to go for it. Don’t ever let anyone say it can’t be done. If it doesn’t work the first time, give it another try and another try, until you find a way to make it work”.

John Christakosand his business partners couldn’t afford designer furniture when they were students so they decided to produce their own. They all studied business and knew that there was a large market for cheap but stylish furniture. Their business is now worth about $ 3 million a year. When asked for his advice to young entrepreneurs, John says: “Work for other small companies in other fields. I never did that, so we discovered problems and solutions for the first time. If you were thinking of going into business on your own, you’d learn a lot from the right kind of experience”.

So, whatever your interests are, if you want to make a million, the opportunities are there. Every billionaire has to start somewhere!

a) Find what kind of business each person runs.

b) Find these words and phrases in the text. Match them to the correct definition.

1. fortune	a) put money into a business
2. set up	b) customer
3. invest	c) businessman / woman
4. company	d) start (a business)
5. product	e) a business
6. client	f) large amount of money
7. cheap	g) what a business sells
8. entrepreneur	h) inexpensive

c) For questions (1-11), choose from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more that once.

A – MARC MAIFFRET D – ROBERT TUCHMAN

B – MIKE BECKER E – JOHN CHRISTAKOS

C – ANDY WOLF

Which of the people mention the following?

1. I like making money out of something I love doing. _____ _____

2. You should learn from how other companies do things. _____

3. Most people don’t try to benefit from their ideas. _____

4. You may have to learn new skills. _____

5. You shouldn’t follow all the advice you are given. _____ _____

6. I didn’t get the right experience before I started. _____

7. Young people have to work harder to be successful. _____

8. It’s important to have a clear idea of your aims. _____ _____ _____

9. You need to allow time for enjoying yourself. _____

10. I found a new way to do something. _____

11. You shouldn’t give up if you fail. _____